SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 8 Map Scale

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Class 10 Geography Chapter 8 Map Scale

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Map Scale

TEXTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWER

1. What is a scale? It is of how many types and what are they?

Ans: The ratio of the distance between the two places on a map and the corresponding actual distance on the ground is known as scale.

There are three types of scale. 

They are meant below:

(i) Scale in statement.

(ii) Scale in representative fraction.

(iii) Graphical scale.

2. Explain with examples the significance of scale in map making.

Ans: The ratio of the distance between the two places on a map and the corresponding actual distance on the ground is known as scale. For example, if 10 km. actual distance on the ground is shown by 1 cm distance on the map, it means that 1cm represents 10 km of actual distance on the ground and the scale will be 1 cm = 10 km.

The whole earth is a huge structure and so it is very difficult to understand it as a single piece. It is not possible to portray the various geographical features of the whole world or any part of it on a map completely as it is on the ground. Hence, it is necessary to reduce the actual size of the earth first so that it can be accommodated on a map. The scale is used for this purpose. This mathematical device helps us in showing the earth or any part of the earth in a much reduced size. For example, if we want to show the physical features of a country like India which covers 3.28 million sq km, then we need to reduce its immense size to a scale, so that the entire country can be reduced to fit on a sheet of paper. If we want to show 250 km actual distance on the ground we need to use a scale to reduce this size to a size that can be shown on a map. If we put the scale 1 cm= 50 km, then 250 km can be shown by a line distance of 5 cm on the map and that will represent 250 km of actual distance.

3. What is scale in statement? Discuss with examples.

Ans: When the distance between two places on the map and the corresponding distance between the same places on the ground are expressed in statement, it is known as scale in statement.

For example, 1 cm = 10 km ; 1 inch = 5 miles, etc. Hence, by the scale of a map 1 cm = 10 km, we mean that 1 cm distance on the map represents 10 km distance on the ground.

4. What do you mean by scale in representative fraction? Mention it’s characteristics.

Ans: When the distance between two places on the map and the corresponding distance between the same two places on the ground are represented by a special type of ratio, it is called Scale in Representative Fraction. 

The characteristics of scale in representative fraction are:

(i) The numerator represents the distance on the map while the denominator represents the actual ground distance. 

(ii) Since the numerator is always 1, only the value of denominator determines the scale of a map.

(iii) It remains correct for any unit of distance.

5. Write the characteristics and utilities of a graphical scale.

Ans: The characteristics and utilities of graphical are: 

(i) Graphical scale is always expressed with the help of a horizontal line or a bar.

(ii) The line or bar does not have any specific length. But normally its length is kept between 8 cm and 15 cm.

(iii) With the help of this scale, one can easily find out the actual ground distance between any two places from the map.

(iv) One of the advantages of this method is that when a map having this scale is enlarged or reduced at any ratio using a mechanical device, then even the geographical scale gets enlarged or reduced at the same ratio. Thus, the scale of the map remains correct even after enlargement or reduction.

6. The scale in representative fraction of a map is 1:250,000. Convert this into statement scale.

Ans: R.F. is 1:2,50,000

1 cm = 250,000cm

1 cm = 2.5 km [ 1 km = 1,00,000 cm] Thus, the required statement scale is

1 cm = 2.5 km

7. The scale in statement of a map is 2 cm = 35 cm, convert this into R. F.

Ans: Scale in statement is 2 cm = 35 km

2cm = 35,00,000cm [·.· 1 km = 1,00,000cm]

1cm = 17,50,000 cm

Therefore, the scale in R. F. is 1:17,50,000

8. Construct a graphical scale for R. F. 1:5,00,000 so as to measure a distance of at least 1 km.

Ans: According to the given scale 1 unit distance on the map = 5,00,000 unit distance on the ground.

i. e, 1 cm = 5 km [·.· 1 km = 1,00,000 cm]

9. Construct a graphical scale by using the statement scale of 2 inch = 5 miles so is to measure the distance up to a minimum of 1 mile.

Ans: Given, statement scale is 

2 inches = 5 miles 

10. Write short notes:

(a) Graph.

Ans: When geographical information is shown with the help of a graph or diagram the data becomes much clearer Therefore, various geographical data such as climate, land use, population, production, economic activities, various landforms, etc. are represented with the help of graphs. 

Graphs help in the following ways:

(i) Graphs are highly useful for representing data related to time.

(ii) They help to compare the related data placing the graphic or diagrammatic representation next to each other.

(iii) It makes the study of geography interesting and more scientific.

(iv) Graphs help to reduce the actual size on the ground to a size that can be accommodated on a diagram or map. Generally, geographical data are represented with the help of three types of graphs namely, bar graph, line graph and pie graph.

(b) Bar graph.

Ans: The graph in which the trend of a particular geographical aspect such as the size of the population, extent of production, different types of economic activity, etc. for a considerably long period of time represented through rectangular bars is known as a bar graph. Bar graph consists of a number of bars whose lengths vary in magnitude but are of equal width. 

The bar diagram are of two types: 

(i) Simple bar diagram. and 

(ii) Multiple bar diagram.

(c) Line graph.

Ans: The graph in which the trend of a particular data is shown with the help of a line is called line graph. It is one of the most commonly used forms of cartogram. It is particularly used to show the various trends of a particular data such as of population growth, increase or decrease in production, growth pattern in different sectors of economy, rise in per capita income, agricultural and industrial growth, comparison between two elements, etc. Line graph is quite similar to that of bar graph. In a bar graph, rectangular bars are used while in a line graph simple lines are used to represent data. Line graph is extensively used when we want to compare statistical data or information.

(d) Pie graph.

Ans: It is a pictorial diagram in the form of a circle. The circle is divided into various segments showing the per cent values of various elements. In this form of cartogram, the data is calculated in terms of the per cent value of the geographical element. One of the merits of this form of graph is that it presents data proportionately and so we can easily understand the value of the each item very clearly in comparison to other items as the value of each item is given in terms of degrees of a full circle. This kind of graph is highly useful when the data is small and has a uniform element. Land use, population composition, occupational status, government expenditure, budget allocation of funds for various purposes, etc. are generally depicted with the help of pie graph. This type of graph is also called a wheel graph.

S.L. NO.	CONTENTS
Chapter – 1	Physical Geography
Chapter – 2	Environmental Geography
Chapter – 3	Concept Of Region And Regional Geography Of The World
Chapter – 4	Regional Geography Of U.S.A
Chapter – 5	Regional Geography Of Japan
Chapter – 6	Regional Geography Of India
Chapter – 7	Practical Geography
Chapter – 8	Map Scale

(e) Graphical scale.

Ans: When the map distance and the corresponding ground distance are shown with the help of a line, it is called a graphical scale or linear scale. Graphical scale is always expressed with the help of a horizontal line or a bar. The line or bar does not have any specific length. But, normally its length is kept between 8 cm and 15 cm. With the help of this scale, one can easily find out the actual ground distance between any two places from the maps. One of the advantages of graphical scale is that when a map having this scale is enlarged or reduced at any ratio using a mechanical device, then even the geographical scale gets enlarged or reduced at the same ratio. Thus, the scale of the map remains correct even after enlargement or reduction.

11. Present the geographical data given below with a help of appropriate graph.

(a) Number of unemployed

Year of Survey	No. of Unemployed
1992	3,512
1993	3,905
1994	4,235
1995	4,950
1996	5,064
1997	5,112
1998	5,730
1999	5,931
2000	6,573
2001	6882

Ans: 

(b) Jute production

Production Year	Volume of Production (in tons)
1995-1996	2,092
1996-1997	2,135
1997-1998	2,830
1998-1999	2,657
1999-2000	2,941
2000-2001	3,248
2001-2002	3,893
2002-2003	4,205

Ans: 

(c) Population at regional level.

Region	Population (in lakhs)
1. Northern region	32.9
2. Southern region	130.0
3. Eastern region	295.1
4. Western region	55.4

Ans: Calculation of distribution of angles of the circle representing population at regional level.

Region	Population (in lakhs)	Angle
1. Northern region	32.09	32.9/513.4 × 360° = 23°
2. Southern region	130.0	130.0/513.4 × 360° = 91°
3. Eastern region	295.1	295.1/513.4 × 360° = 207°
4. Western region	55.4	55.4/513.4 × 360° = 39°
Total population	513.4	360°

(d) Rural and Urban Population.

Region	Population
1. Rural Areas	3,49,742
2. Urban Areas	1,27,973

Ans: Calculation of distribution of the angles of the circle representing rural and urban population:

Region	Population	Angles
1. Rural Areas	3,49,742	349742/477715 × 360⁰ = 264⁰
2. Urban Areas	1,27,973	127973/477715 × 360⁰ = 96⁰
Total population	4,77,715	360⁰

(e) Distribution of Agricultural Land

Agricultural Land use	Agricultural Land (in thousand hectare)
Rice	92,563
Jute	19,397
Sugar cane	17,218
Potato	3,884
Others	23,073

Ans: Calculation of distribution of angles of the circle representing distribution of agricultural land:

Agriculture Land use	Agricultural Land (in thousand hectare)	Angles
Rice	92,563	92563/156135 × 360⁰ = 213⁰
Jute	19,397	19397/156135 × 360⁰ = 45⁰
Sugar cane	17,218	17218/156135 × 360⁰ = 40⁰
Potato	3,884	3884/156135 × 360⁰ = 9⁰
Others	23,073	23073/156135 × 360⁰ = 53⁰
	1,56,135	360⁰

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

A. Answer the following questions:

1. What is a map?

Ans: The representation and drawing of earth’s surface or any part of it according to a definite scale on a plane surface or a paper is called map.

2. What do you mean by contour?

Ans: A contour is an imaginary line connecting places of the same altitude or elevation. It is used to show height of physical features such as mountains, hills, valleys, plains etc. from the sea level.

3. What is the use of simple bar diagram?

Ans: Simple bar diagram is used to represent only one variable according to time periods, places, items etc and consists of a number of rectangles called bars.

4. What is the use of a Multiple bar diagram?

Ans: Multiple bar diagram is used to represent two or more sets of interrelated data. The bar graph has to axis. The bottom axis is called the x-axis which normally represent the time or the basic data while the variable data is represented by y-axis.

5. What is Cartography?

Ans: Cartography is the art or process of drawing or making maps.

6. What does the + conventional symbol represent?

Ans: The + conventional symbol represent the spring.

7. What does P. O represent?

Ans: P. O represent Post Office.

8. What does T. O represent?

Ans: T. O represent Telegraph Office.

10. What does the × conventional symbol represent?

Ans: The × conventional symbol represents Uninhabited village.

B. Fill in the blanks: 

1. Forests falls under the category of _____ environment.

Ans: physical.

2. The _____ scale is shown with the help of a horizontal line or bar.

Ans: graphical

3. The value of the _____ determines the scale of a map in representative fraction.

Ans: denominator.

4. Every contour has a definite value of ____.

Ans: altitude.

5. The scale of a map 1 cm = 5 km means that the 1 cm distance on map represents 5 km on the _____

Ans: ground.

6. The higher the value of denominator, the _____ is the map.

Ans: smaller.

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