SEBA Class 10 History MCQ Chapter 2 The First World War

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SEBA Class 10 History MCQ Chapter 2 The First World War

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The First World War

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Answer the Following Questions:

1. How many countries got involved in the First World War?

Ans. In the First World War, nearly 29 countries directly and 31 countries indirectly got involved.

2. What was the total expenditure incurred in the First World War?

Ans. The total expenditure incurred in the First World War was 18,000,000,000 million US dollars.

3. What is known as the Treaty of Versailles? Name the five treaties signed during the Peace Conference at Versailles in 1919.

Ans. The main treaty signed between the Allies and Germany at the end of the deliberations of the Paris conference at Versailles on 28 June 1919, came to be known as the Treaty of Versailles.

The five Treaties signed during the Peace Conference at Versailles in 1919 were:

(i) The Treaty of Versailles signed between the Allies and Germany, 28 June 1919.

(ii) The Treaty of St Germain signed between the Allies and Austria, 10 September 1919.

(iii) The Treaty of Neuilly signed between the Allies and Bulgaria, 27 November 1919.

(iv) The Treaty of Trianon signed between the Allies and Hungary, 4 June 1920. and

(v) The Treaty of Sevres signed between the Allies and Turkey, 20 August 1920.

4. What were the main terms of the Treaty of Versailles? Mention the main defects of this treaty.

Ans. The treaty signed by Germany at the end of the Peace Conference held at Versailles in Paris, came to be known as the Treaty of Versailles. It redrew the map of Europe and brought in new potent forces and elements which not only altered the face of Europe but also that of the entire world. 

The main terms of this Treaty were:

(i) By this treaty, Germany was forced to surrender Alsace and Lorraine to France. The Saar valley which was rich in mineral deposits was given to France for 15 years.

(ii) The Kiel Canal Zone was de-militarized and declared open to all countries.

(iii) The Rhine valley was completely de-militarized and the German forts in this region were destroyed.

(iv) Belgium was declared a neutral country. The country received Malmady, Marsnet and Eupen from Germany.

(v) Luxembourg was declared an independent and neutral country.

(vi) Poland received Posen and West Prussia from Germany and Galicia from Austria.

(vii) The port of Danzig was internationalized.

(viii) The port city of Memel on the Baltic Sea was taken away from Germany and handed over to Lithuania.

(ix) The twin states of Austria-Hungary was divided into two separate countries.

(x) Hungary had to surrender several parts to her neighbors, Czechoslovakia, Rumania and Poland.

(xi) Italy received Tyrol from Austria.

(xii) Rumania received Bessarabia from Russia, Bukovina from Austria and Transylvania from Hungary.

(xiii) Two new states named Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia were created.

(xiv) Greece received Macedonia.

Following were the main defects of the Treaty of Versailles:

(i) Based on the principle of vengeance: The Treaty of Versailles was a vindictive treaty, unjust and unfair in every respect. It was marked by a spirit of revenge and hatred of the victors towards the vanquished. The vanquished were forced to cede territories, reduce their army, surrender their colonies, pay a huge reparations and suffer all kinds of humiliation. Such a treaty could never bring peace.

(ii) A treaty of few powers: Another serious defect of the treaty was that it was a treaty of few nations. Although the War was fought by most countries of the world yet the Treaty was monopolized and manipulated by few major powers such as America, Great Britain, France, etc.

(iii) Lacked practicability: The architects of the Treaty also overlooked certain practical aspect of the Treaty. Germany had to pay a huge reparation. But with most of her natural resources, colonies and industrial towns gone, it was not possible for Germany to pay the compensation.

(iv) Lacked the principle of fairness: Even a casual glance at the Treaty shows that the Treaty lacked fairness. Germany was too harshly Treated. In military strength, she even became smaller than a country like Belgium. Germany alone was not responsible for the Wars, the allies were also partly responsible for it.

(v) All fourteen points were not accepted: Woodrow Wilson had proposed his famous ‘Fourteen Points’ as a basis for the Versailles Peace Conference. Unfortunately, the allies refused to accept all his noble principles. Only the point regarding the establishment of the League of Nations was accepted, by the conference. Had all the points been accepted the world would not have faced another global war quite soon.

5. Write short notes on:

(i) Immediate cause of the First World War.

(ii) Balkan Peninsula.

(iii) Moroccan Crisis.

(iv) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

(v) The Peace Conference of Versailles.

Ans. (i) Immediate cause of the First World War: The main factors that prepared the ground for the First World War were the colonial and imperialistic rivalries, massive arms build-up, division of Europe into two armed camps, certain developments in the Balkan Peninsula, aggressive nationalism, etc. But the immediate cause for the outbreak of the war in 1914 was the assassination of Francis Ferdinand, the heir to the Austrian throne at Sarajevo by a Serbian revolutionary youth named Gavrilo Princip on 28 June 1914. The murder seemed to have been pre-planned by the Serbian nationalists and it appeared that the Serbian government knew about the plot. On 23 July 1914, Austria sent an ultimatum to Serbia which she refused to comply with. Hence, Austria declared war on Serbia on 28 July, 1914. Russia immediately mobilized her army to defend Serbia while Germany gathered her troops to defend Austria. Soon other powers joined their respective blocs making the war a global war.

(ii) Balkan Peninsula: The countries of the Danube valley of Eastern Europe came to be known as the Balkan Peninsula. The main countries of the Balkan Peninsula were Bulgaria, Thrace, Macedonia, Greece, Montenegro, Serbia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Albania, etc. The countries of the Balkan Peninsula which formerly belonged to the erstwhile Ottoman Empire, wanted to remain as independent nations. These countries were inhabited by the nationalities the such as Serbians or slavs, the Albanians, the Macedonians, the Croats and the Bulgarians. But, the great colonial and imperialist powers like Austria, England, France, Italy, Germany and Russia tried to get these countries under their control. They also tried to suppress all national movements that were fast emerging in these countries. The Serbian national movement was the most aggressive among these movements. They wanted to form a separate country of their own. But, they were bulldozed by the might of Austria leading to the outbreak of the First World War.

(iii) Moroccan Crisis: Two major crises took place between France and Germany over the issue of Morocco. The first and the second Moroccan crisis developed in 1905-06 and 1911 respectively. In both the situations, there emerged a war-like condition between Germany and France over Morocco. In the first Moroccan crisis, France entered one agreement with England and the other with Spain. As a result of these secret agreements, Morocco was secretly partitioned among these countries. When Germany came to know about it, she refused to accept the agreement and proposed that Morocco be kept an independent country. The Germans threatened to attack the French force stationed in Morocco. Finally, under the US influence an international conference was held and the crisis was quietly solved.

The second Moroccan crisis took place in 1911. On the pretext of the deteriorating law and order situation in Morocco, France sent an armed force to Morocco. This was objected by Germany. She sent her warship ‘Panther’ to Agadir on 1 July 1911 and the war became imminent between the two countries. Fortunately, with British mediation the crisis was amicably solved. All the concerned parties, namely France, Germany and England entered into a tripartite agreement which was signed in November, 1911. By this agreement, France’s right over Morocco was recognised. In exchange, Germany received the north-west portion of French occupied, Congo.

(iv) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: Soon after forming the Communist Government in Russia in October, 1917 under a government headed by Lenin, Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany on 3 March 1918. The main reason for the signing of the Treaty was to end the First World War. Nearly 2 million Russian soldiers perished or were wounded as a result of this War. The absence of thousands of young people from Russia also resulted in the ruin of agriculture leading to shortage of food and terrible economic hardship for the people. 

S.L No.	CONTENTS
Chapter – 1	Growth Of Imperialism And Colonialism
Chapter – 2	The First World War
Chapter – 3	The World Between The Two World Wars
Chapter – 4	The Second World War
Chapter – 5	The United Nations Organization
Chapter – 6	Emergence Of Asia And Africa In The Post-Second World War Period
Chapter – 7	The Non-Aligned Movement
Chapter – 8	Foreign Policy Of India

The main terms of this treaty were:

(a) Russia recognized the independence of Poland and declared Ukraine an independent sovereign republic.

(b) Russia also recognized the independence of the Baltic states, viz. Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania that had formed parts of the Czarist Russia.

(c) Russia had to surrender all the territories conquered by her, since the reign of Peter, the Great.

(d) She had to cede some territories to Turkey who had joined the Central Powers during the war.

(e) Russia had to pay a huge reparation to Germany.

(v) The Peace Conference of Versailles: Soon after the conclusion of the First World War, a peace conference was organized to bring lasting peace to the world. The conference was held in Versailles in Paris from 18 January 1919 to the middle of 1920. This conference was attended by 70 delegates representing 32 countries. There was no representative from defeated countries, as they were not allowed to attend this conference. The main world leaders who attended this conference were the US President Woodrow Wilson, England’s Prime Minister Lloyd George, Prime Minister Clemenceau of France and Prime Minister Orlando of Italy. The basis of the peace conference was the ‘Fourteen Points’ proposed by the American President Woodrow Wilson. The deliberations of the conference resulted in the signing of five treaties between the Allies and the defeated countries. The treaty signed between Germany and the Allies on 28 June 1919 came to be known as the Treaty of Versailles. It contained a total of 440 provisions divided into 14 parts. This was the most important treaty prepared and signed as a result of the Peace Conference at Versailles. 

The other treaties signed during this conference were:

(a) The Treaty of St Germain signed between the Allies and Austria, 10 September 1919.

(b) The Treaty of Neuilly signed between the Allies and Bulgaria, 27 November 1919.

(c) The Treaty of Trianon signed between the Allies and Hungary, 4 June 1920.

(d) The Treaty of Sevres signed between the Allies and Turkey, 20 August 1920.

CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION

(i) How many days did the First World War last?

(a) 1565 days.

(b) 1556 days.

(c) 1665 days.

(d) 1656 days.

Ans. (a) 1565 days.

(ii) ‘Three Emperors’ League’ was organized by ____________.

(a) Bismarck.

(b) William Il.

(c) Napoleon III.

(d) Woodrow Wilson.

Ans. (a) Bismarck.

(iii) The country that used U-boats during the First World War was _______________.

(a) England.

(b) Russia.

(c) America.

(d) Germany.

Ans: (d) Germany.

(iv) The main Allied Powers during the First World War consisted of _____________.

(a) England, Russia and France.

(b) England Germany, France.

(c) Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia.

(d) Italy, Germany, Japan.

Ans. (a) England, Russia and France.

(v) The country that used Tanks for the first time in war was ____________.

(a) England.

(b) France.

(c) Germany.

(d) United States of America.

Ans. (a) England

(vi) France had lost Alsace-Lorraine as a result of the _____________.

(a) Seven Years War.

(b) Austrian War of Succession.

(c) Franco-Prussian War.

(d) First World War.

Ans. (c) Franco-Prussian War.

(vii) Moroccan crisis occurred as a result of the rivalry between _____________.

(a) France and Germany.

(b) Germany and Great Britain.

(c) Great Britain and France.

(d) France and Russia.

Ans. (a) France and Germany.

(viii) During the First World War, Germany and her Allies were known as ______________.

(a) Allied Powers.

(b) Axis.

(d) Triple Alliance.

(c) Central Powers.

Ans: Central Powers.

Fill in the blanks:

(i) The United States of America joined the First World War after the German attack on the ship ______________.

Ans. Lusitania.

(ii) _____________ was the first country to use aeroplanes in the First World War.

Ans. Germany.

(iii) The ____________ Peninsula remained a trouble-spot or rather a sleeping volcano waiting for eruption.

Ans. Balkan.

(iv) As a result of the First World War, two new nations named Yugoslavia and _____________ were created.

Ans. Czechoslovakia.

(v) Germany was required to pay a heavy reparation running into ____________ million pound sterling.

Ans. 6600.

Name the following persons:

(i) The man who started the system of alliances and military pacts in Europe: ____________.

Ans: Otto Von Bismarck.

(ii) The German Emperor at the time of the First World War: ____________.

Ans: William II.

(iii) The most important personality in the Peace Conference of Versailles: ______________.

Ans: Woodrow Wilson.

(iv) The Russian Emperor at the time of Russian Revolution: ____________.

Ans: Czar Nicholas II.

(v) The commander-in-chief of the Allied forces in France: _______________.

Ans. Marshal Ferdinand Foch.

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