SEBA Class 10 History MCQ Chapter 6 Emergence Of Asia And Africa In The Post-Second World War Period

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SEBA Class 10 History MCQ Chapter 6 Emergence Of Asia And Africa In The Post-Second World War Period

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Emergence Of Asia And Africa In The Post-Second World War Period

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Answer the Following Questions:

1. Describe the developments leading to the Vietnam War.

Ans. Vietnam formerly known as Indo-China was colonized by the French. During the Second World War, Vietnam was conquered by Japan. Prior to the occupation of Vietnam by Japan, the people of Vietnam had started the war of liberation against French domination. This resistance movement was mostly led by the communists. Therefore, when Vietnam came under the domination of Japan, the communists directed the resistance movement against the Japanese forces. The leader of this communist resistance movement was Ho Chi Minh and Vo Nguyen Giap. After the defeat of Japan, Ho Chi Minh declared the establishment of a new government under the name of the ‘Democratic Republic of Vietnam’ on 2 September 1945. But, soon after the end of the Second World War, the French reoccupied Vietnam as this was a former colony of France. Therefore, the already existing national resistance movement was now directed against the French. Ho Chi Minh organized a mass movement against the French throughout the country. Since the communists in Vietnam were supported by the Russians, Americans also reached the scene and began to help the French. The war of liberation against the French continued for many years.

The American President, Eisenhower, meanwhile supported the peace initiative in Vietnam. Accordingly, a treaty was signed in an international conference held at Geneva by which the French rule over Vietnam was brought to an end. Under the terms of this treaty, Vietnam was temporarily divided into two parts, the South and the North Vietnam, the 17th Parallel being the dividing line. The Treaty also recognized the government under Ho Chi Minh. Lastly, it was agreed as per the terms of the Treaty to amalgamate both the parts after the general elections of 1956, so as to create a United Vietnam.

But contrary to the terms of the agreement, America continued her attempts at creating an independent South Vietnam as a block to the rising communist dominated North Vietnam. They started to run the administration of South Vietnam with the help of corrupt Vietnamese officials. Therefore, the people of South Vietnam started a war of liberation against the American forces which were stationed in the country. In retaliation, America declared war on Vietnam in 1965 and continued the war up to 1973. They used huge amount of arms, ammunitions and heavy bombardment to subdue the people of Vietnam. The genocide of My Lai by the American forces on 16 March 1968 left thousands of people dead. America also resorted to heavy bombardment on the country during the last 4/5 years of the war. Finally, America was forced to leave Vietnam in April 1973 with her head down.

2. Write short notes on:

(i) Korean War.

(ii) Patrice Lumumba.

(iii) Dr Sun Yat-Sen.

(iv) Gamel Abdel Nasser.

Ans. (i) Korean War: Japan had conquered Korea as early as 1906 and continued to occupy it up to the Second World War. During the Second World War, the people of Korea organised a war of liberation against the Japanese forces. Both Russia and America came to the help of the Korean people in this liberation struggle as both the countries wanted to have control over the region. Thus, northern part of Korea came under the Russian influence while the Southern part was under the American control. Soon South Korea declared herself a ‘Republic of Korea’ in August, 1948 while North Korea in the next month declared herself a ‘People’s Democratic Republic of Korea’. Each part claimed jurisdiction over the other. However on 25 June 1950, North Korea, all of a sudden attacked South Korea. This war came to be known as the Korean War. Within three days of the war, Seoul, the capital of South Korea was captured. Under this situation, South Korea approached the UNO for protection. The UNO asked North Korea to withdraw from South Korea which she refused. Thereupon, the UNO under American pressure sent a UN military force which could do very little to bring peace in the region. Finally, after two years of several international efforts peace was brought between the two nations by a Treaty signed in July, 1953.

(ii) Patrice Lumumba: Patrice Lumumba was the most prominent leader of the freedom struggle movement of Congo. He had his education outside Congo. He organized a political party named the ‘Congolese National Movement which spearheaded the freedom struggle movement in Congo. He was much influenced by communism and the happenings in Soviet Russia. As a result of his leadership and pressure put up by his party, the Belgium government was forced to grant independence to Congo on 30 June 1960. Patrice Lumumba became the first Prime Minister of free Congo which after independence came to be known as Zaire. However, Patrice Lumumba was murdered on 17 January 1961 as per the order of American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) which did not want a Soviet-backed Prime Minister in Congo. He was one of the most powerful leftist political leaders of Africa who exerted a great influence on the freedom struggle movements in different countries of Africa.

(iii) Dr Sun Yat-Sen: Dr Sun Yat-Sen is one of the fascinating figures of modern history. He is considered as the father of Chinese nationalism and one who brought democracy and democratic ideals to China. His contributions to the emergence of a ‘new China’ is something which history cannot forget. Dr Sun Yat-Sen came to the forefront of politics during the anti-Manchu agitation of 1911. He skillfully turned the anti-Manchu agitation into a republican movement and established a republican government at Nanking as capital. He started a party named ‘Kuomintang’. Many liberal minded individuals and leaders joined this party and in 1921 these leaders elected him as the President of the Chinese Republic. On assuming power Dr Sun Yat-Sen attempted to unify the whole of China into one nation. He had to face a lot of opposition from the various warlords of the North. But, before his death in 1925, he was able to achieve a great deal of national unity. The revolutionary philosophy of Sun Yat-Sen was based on his ‘Three principles of the people’. These principles were nationalism, democracy and livelihood. Dr Sun Yat-Sen spread these concepts throughout China and as a result of his untiring work, his party struck deep roots in the Chinese soil within a few years. Dr Sun Yat-Sen died in Peking in 1925 after years of selfless service.

(iv) Gamel Abdel Nasser: Gamel Abdel Nasser is considered to be the father of modern Egypt. He is the man who introduced modernization in Egypt. He was a military officer who captured power from General Neguib in November 1954 by a successful coup. After assuming power, he started a period of social, economic and industrial reconstruction of Egypt. He initiated several economic reforms in the country making Egypt one of the fastest developing countries of the world. Within a short time, Abdel Nasser became a champion of Arab cause. He became the leader of Arab nationalism and stood behind the other Arab nations to fight against the rising power of Israel. He waged several wars against Israel but unfortunately none of them were successful. He died in 1970 and his death left a political vacuum in the region as there were none to match his abilities in organizing the Arab nations to stand together. He is reckoned as one of the great Arab leaders of the 20th century. He also played a key role in the international politics and was one of the founding fathers of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM).

S.L No.	CONTENTS
Chapter – 1	Growth Of Imperialism And Colonialism
Chapter – 2	The First World War
Chapter – 3	The World Between The Two World Wars
Chapter – 4	The Second World War
Chapter – 5	The United Nations Organization
Chapter – 6	Emergence Of Asia And Africa In The Post-Second World War Period
Chapter – 7	The Non-Aligned Movement
Chapter – 8	Foreign Policy Of India

CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION

(i) The Indian National Congress was founded by _____________.

(a) Lord Dufferin.

(b) M. K. Gandhi.

(c) W.C. Banerjee.

(d) A.O. Hume.

Ans. (d) A.O. Hume.

(ii) The number of delegates who attended the first meeting of the Indian National Congress was ______________.

(a) 88.

(b) 78.

(c) 68.

(d) 58.

Ans. (b) 78.

(iii) The country formerly known as East Indies is _____________.

(a) Malaya.

(b) Indonesia.

(c) Vietnam.

(d) Korea.

Ans. (b) Indonesia.

(iv) Sri Lanka was first colonized by the _____________.

(a) Portuguese.

(b) English.

(c) French.

(d) Dutch.

Ans. (a) Portuguese.

(v) The man who is called the ‘Father of Thai Nationalism’ is ___________.

(a) Vajiravudh.

(b) Chulalong Korn.

(c) King Mongkut.

(d) Prajadhipok.

Ans. (a) Vajiravudh.

(vi) The man who is known as the ‘Father of Chinese Nationalism’ is ____________.

(a) Yuan Shik-Kai.

(b) Mao-Tse-Tung.

(c) Chiang Kai-shek.

(d) Dr Sun Yat-Sen.

Ans. (d) Dr Sun Yat-Sen.

(vii) The first conference of the Communist Party of China was held in _____________.

(a) Peking.

(b) Canton.

(c) Shanghai.

(d) Nanking.

Ans. (c) Shanghai.

(viii) Formerly Vietnam was known as _____________.

(a) Formosa.

(b) East Indies.

(c) Indo-China.

(d) West Indies.

Ans. (c) Indo-China

(ix). The African country that was formerly known as Gold Coast is _____________.

(a) Congo.

(b) Somalia.

(c) Nigeria.

(d) Ghana.

Ans. (d) Ghana.

(x) The Liberation Movement in Ghana was led by _____________.

(a) Kwame Nkrumah.

(b) Robert Gabriel Mugabe.

(c) Julius Kambarage Nyerere.

(d) Patrice Lumumba.

Ans. (a) Kwame Nkrumah.

(xi) The African nation that witnessed nearly 32 military coups since its independence in 1960 is ____________.

(a) Ghana.

(b) Nigeria.

(c) Sudan.

(d) Ghana.

Ans. (b) Nigeria.

(xii) The leader of the freedom struggle movement in Zaire was ____________.

(a) Mohammed Ahmed Ben Bella.

(b) Kwame Nkrumah.

(c) Patrice Lumumba.

(d) Sam Nujoma.

Ans. (c) Patrice Lumumba.

(xiii) Kinshasa is the capital of ___________.

(a) Nigeria.

(b) Namibia.

(c) Ghana.

(d) Zaire.

Ans. (d) Zaire.

(xiv) Algeria was a colony of ___________.

(a) Germany.

(b) England.

(c) France.

(d) Italy.

Ans. (c) France.

(xv) Ho Chi Minh is associated with the freedom movement of ____________.

(a) Burma.

(b) Indonesia.

(c) Korea.

(d) Vietnam.

Ans. (d) Vietnam.

Fill in the blanks:

(i) The principle of national self-determination was mentioned by ____________ in his ‘Fourteen Points’.

Ans. Woodrow Wilson.

(ii) The British Empire building process in India started with their victory at _____________ in 1757.

Ans. Plassey.

(iii) The All India Muslim League was started by ____________ of Dacca.

Ans. Nabab Salimmullah.

(iv) The Muslim in Sri Lanka is called ____________.

Ans. Moor.

(v) The Communist Revolution in China was organized by ____________ in October 1949.

Ans. Mao-Tse-Tung.

(vi) Saigon today is known as ____________ City.

Ans. Ho Chi Minh.

(vii) The communists movements were based on the ____________.

Ans. Marxian socialism.

(viii) _____________ established a Chinese national government in Formosa.

Ans. Chiang Kai-shek.

(ix) The northern part of Korea came under the _____________ influence.

Ans. Russian.

(x) ____________ is called the ‘Father of the Policy of Apartheid’.

Ans. General James Barry Munnik Hertzog.

(xi) ____________ is the capital of Nigeria.

Ans. Abuja.

(xii) The South African whites were called ____________.

Ans. Afrikaners.

Match the following:

Country	Freedom Movement Leader
(i) India	(a) Ahmed Sukarno
(ii) Burma	(b) Ho Chi Minh
(iii) Indonesia	(c) Sam Nujoma
(iv) Vietnam	(d) Aung San and U Nu
(v) Ghana	(e) Mohammad Ahmed Ben Bella
(vi) Nigeria	(f) Patrice Lumumba
(vii) Congo	(g) Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe
(viii) Namibia	(h) M.K. Gandhi
(ix) Algeria	(i) Kwame Nkrumah

Ans:

Country	Freedom Movement Leader
(i) India	(h) M.K. Gandhi
(ii) Burma	(d) Aung San and U Nu
(iii) Indonesia	(a) Ahmed Sukarno
(iv) Vietnam	(b) Ho Chi Minh
(v) Ghana	(i) Kwame Nkrumah
(vi) Nigeria	(g) Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe
(vii) Congo	(f) Patrice Lumumba
(viii) Namibia	(c) Sam Nujoma
(ix) Algeria	(e) Mohammad Ahmed Ben Bella

Name the following persons:

(i) The founder of Kuomintang Party in China: __________.

Ans: Sung Chiao-jen.

(ii) Father of Chinese Communist Revolution: ___________.

Ans: Mao-Tse-Tung.

(iii) First Prime Minister of independent Congo: ____________.

Ans: Patrice Lumumba.

(iv) The founder of SWAPO in Namibia: ____________.

Ans: Sam Nujoma.

(v) The French President who granted independence to Algeria: ____________.

Ans: Charles de Gaulle.

(vi) The founder of the new state of Palestine: ____________.

Ans: Yasser Arafat.

(vii) The founder of African National Congress: ___________.

Ans: Nelson Mandela.

(viii) The first President of Indian National Congress: ____________.

Ans: W.C. Banerjee.

(ix) The Arab leader who started ‘United Arab Republic’: ____________.

Ans. Colonel Gamel Abdel Nasser.

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