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Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Regional Geography of Japan
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Regional Geography of Japan
TEXTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWER
1. State the geographical location of Japan.
Ans: Japan is located in the east coast of Asia. The Japan is surrounded by the Sakhalin island, Kuril island and Okhotsk Sea in the north, the Taiwan Sea and East China Sea in the south, the Pacific Ocean in the east and the Japan Sea, Korea Sea and Russia Sea in the west. It extends between 24⁰ N latitude in the south to the 46⁰ N latitude and from 123⁰ E longitude in the west to 146⁰ E longitude in the east. The north south extension of Japan is 2400 km. The total area of Japan is 377765 sq. km.
2. Give a geographical description of Japan.
Ans: Japan is located in the east coast of Asia. It occupies an important place among the developed industrial countries of the world. The Japan is a string of a number of small and large islands in the Northern part of the Pacific Ocean. Japan consists of four main islands Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu including a number of smaller islands of which Ryukyu is one. Honshu is the largest islands of Japan. The north south extension of Japan is about 2400 km. The total area of Japan is 377765 sq. km. According to estimated data of 2007 Japan has a population of 128 million.
3. What are the major physical division of Japan? Briefly describe with map the landform of each division.
Ans:Japan consists of a string of islands lying in the northern part of the Pacific Ocean. Physiographically, Japan is almost uniform throughout, but minor differences exist based on which the country is divided into the following four physical divisions:
(i) Hokkaido region: This region mostly consists of the Hokkaido island which is situated in the northernmost part of Japan. Most part of this area is mountainous. The Hokkaido mountain range is situated in the central part of this region. The highest peak of the Hokkaido mountain range is Achahidak Peak (2,290 m). A number of extensive and alluvial lowlands are found in the midst of the parallel mountain ranges. Important plains of this region are Ishikari-Yufutoh plain, Tsukushi plain, Konsen plain, etc. Important towns of this region are Sapporo, Kushiro, Muroran, Asahikawa, Hakodate, etc.
(ii) The north-east Japan region: The north-east Japan region is situated in the northern part of the Honshu island. The western part of this region is marked by numerous folds and faults. This region has two parallel mountain ranges named Auo and Utsu. The height of these ranges varies between 1,500-2,000 m. Coniferous trees, volcanic peaks, lakes etc have made the region attractive for tourists.This region has two important plateaus named Kitakami plateau and Abukuma plateau. The former is made of old sedimentary rocks while the latter mostly consists of volcanic rocks. The important cities of this region are Aomori, Akita, Morioka, Hachinoha, Sendai, Koriyama, Yamaguta, etc.
(iii) Central Japan region: The central part of Honshu island is known as Central Japan. The two mountain ranges named Honshu mountains and Shicito Mariana mountain ranges merge together to form the highest mountain range of Japan. The eastern part of this particular range is known as Hida mountain. Mount Fuji (3,776 m), the holy mountain peak of the Japanese, is also situated here. Kwanto plain and Nabi plain are the two important plains of Central Japan. This region is highly suitable for agriculture being fed by the flood plains of the river Tone. The important towns of this region are Yakohama, Tokyo, Nagoya and Toyama.
(iv) South-west Japan region: The south-west Japan region comprises south-west part of Honshu island (i.e. Chugoku- Honshu), Shikoku and Kyushu island. The mountain ranges of this region are the longest mountain ranges of Japan. Most of the areas of south-west Japan are formed by ancient rocks. The important plains of this region are Kyoto, Nara and Biwa. There are also fertile valleys in between the mountains. The southern part of Kyushu island has many volcanoes. Important cities of this region are Osaka, Kyot, Kobe, Kita-Kyushu, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Kagoshima, Kumamota, Okayama and Sakai.
4. Give a brief description of the landforms of Japan.
Ans: Japan consists of a string of islands lying in the northern part of the Pacific Ocean. Physiographically, Japan is almost uniform throughout, but minor differences exist based on which the country is divided into the following four physical divisions:
(i) Hokkaido region: This region mostly consists of the Hokkaido island which is situated in the northernmost part of Japan. Most part of this area is mountainous. The Hokkaido mountain range is situated in the central part of this region. The highest peak of the Hokkaido mountain range is Achanak Peak (2,290 m). A number of extensive and alluvial lowlands are found in the midst of the parallel mountain ranges. Important plains of this region are Ishikari-Yufutoh plain, Tsukushi plain, Konsen plain, etc. Important towns of this region are Sapporo, Kushiro, Muroran, Asahikawa, Hakodate, etc.
(ii) The north-east Japan region: The north-east Japan region is situated in the northern part of the Honshu island. The western part of this region is marked by numerous folds and faults. This region has two parallel mountain ranges named Auo and Utsu. The height of these ranges varies between 1,500-2,000 m. Coniferous trees, volcanic peaks, lakes etc have made the region attractive for tourists.This region has two important plateaus named Kitakami plateau and Abukuma plateau. The former is made of old sedimentary rocks while the latter mostly consists of volcanic rocks. The important cities of this region are Aomori, Akita, Morioka, Hachinoha, Sendai, Koriyama, Yamaguta, etc.
(iii) Central Japan region: The central part of Honshu island is known as Central Japan. The two mountain ranges named Honshu mountains and Shicito Mariana mountain ranges merge together to form the highest mountain range of Japan. The eastern part of this particular range is known as Hida mountain. Mount Fuji (3,776 m), the holy mountain peak of the Japanese, is also situated here. Kwanto plain and Nabi plain are the two important plains of Central Japan. This region is highly suitable for agriculture being fed by the flood plains of the river Tone. The important towns of this region are Yakohama, Tokyo, Nagoya and Toyama.
(iv) South-west Japan region: The south-west Japan region comprises south-west part of Honshu island (i.e. Chugoku- Honshu), Shikoku and Kyushu island. The mountain ranges of this region are the longest mountain ranges of Japan. Most of the areas of south-west Japan are formed by ancient rocks. The important plains of this region are Kyoto, Nara and Biwa. There are also fertile valleys in between the mountains. The southern part of Kyushu island has many volcanoes. Important cities of this region are Osaka, Kyot, Kobe, Kita-Kyushu, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Kagoshima, Kumamota, Okayama and Sakai.
5. Write briefly about population growth and distribution of Japan.
Ans: Japan is the tenth largest populous country in the world. It has also highest concentration of population. The country, being the home of mainly the Mongoloid group of people recorded about 5 million people in 610 A.D. It increased gradually to 38 million in 1880; 72 million in 1945; 127 million in 1999 and it reached 128 million in 2007 (Table 5.01). It is because of rapid socio-economic development that the rates of birth and death are specifically declining. Consequently the annual average growth rate of Japan’s population has become 0.4%. The population of Japan is not uniform due to difference in physiography and climate. The density of population is between 100-800 persons in the agro-based plain and more than 800 persons in the industrialized plains. 20% of the population is settled in the mountainous region.
6. Mention the factors which affect the density of population of Japan.
Ans: The factors that affects the density of population of Japan:
(i) Mountainous nature of land: Nearly 75% of the land is mountainous in nature. This makes the area unsuitable for human settlement and economic development. Hence, the density of population in these areas is less than 100 persons per sq.km.
(ii) High state of industrialisation: Japan is one of the most industrialised nations in the world. High industrialisation brings about better employment opportunities leading to migration of people to urban areas and a high concentration of people in the towns and cities.
(iii) Urbanisation: The urban population of Japan is around 79%. People have flocked to towns and cities because of the economic advantages of settling down in these places resulting in diminished agricultural production. Therefore, towns and cities of Japan have high density of population.
(iv) Climatic conditions: Climate is one of the important elements that affect the density of population of a country. The northern part of Japan has extreme cold climate and so this region has little population. On the other hand, the coastal regions of most of the islands of Japan have pleasant climate leading to high concentration of in these areas.
7. Write about the role of agriculture in the economy of Japan.
Ans: The role of agriculture in the economy of Japan are as follows:
(i) Provides employment: One of the great contributions of agriculture to the national economy of Japan is that it provides a means of livelihood to thousands of people. Employment opportunities remove rural poverty and promote money circulation in the country leading to greater economic progress.
(ii) Less dependent on foreign countries: Though Japali is considered to be a highly industrialised country, yet she has also made commendable progress in the agricultural sector. Unlike many of the industrialised nations such as England, France, Germany, etc. Japan is almost self- sufficient in most of the food items and this makes Japan less dependent on foreign countries.
(iii) Boosts industrial production: The agricultural operations in Japan are highly mechanised. Most people use modern methods of cultivation as well as a lot of modern in mechanical devices for various agricultural operations. This has boosted the industrial production in the country.
| S.L. NO. | CONTENTS |
| Chapter – 1 | Physical Geography |
| Chapter – 2 | Environmental Geography |
| Chapter – 3 | Concept Of Region And Regional Geography Of The World |
| Chapter – 4 | Regional Geography Of U.S.A |
| Chapter – 5 | Regional Geography Of Japan |
| Chapter – 6 | Regional Geography Of India |
| Chapter – 7 | Practical Geography |
| Chapter – 8 | Map Scale |
8. Show the main agricultural regions of Japan on a map and describe the main characteristics of each region.
Ans: The main agricultural regions of Japan are:
(i) The Old Japan Region. and
(ii) Hokkaido Region.
Again The Old Japan Region may be subdivided into inner zone, peripheral zone and frontier zone.
(i) Inner Zone: This zone lies in the central part of Japan. Its farmlands are very small in size. The climate being favourable to agriculture, two to three crops are annually cultivated in this zone. The density of population is very high in this region. Here, varieties of fruits, vegetables and flowers are commercially produced. Cattle rearing is practised for meat and milk. At the foothills of this zone terrace cultivation is practised. This zone is again subdivided into some small divisions-
(a) Sitsi-Kinki Division: It is a very small agricultural division included in the Sugoku hilly region. In summer, rice is cultivated in nearly 40% land of its plains. Horticulture and cattle- rearing also practised. Fruits are planted in the relatively highlands off the sea. In certain places of this division fruits, sweet potato etc. are produced through terrace cultivation.
(b) North Kyushu Division: The farming of this division is of lower quality than that of the Sitsi-Kinki division. Rice is abundantly produced in the plains of this region.
(c) Sukio Division: The significance of this region is that the high lands where rice is cultivated are filled with water in artificial ways.
(d) Tokai Division: Under the influence of coastal Ocean current, the climate of this division is relatively warm. Here plain areas are quite limited. About 45% of farming is confined in highlands. Tea and various types of vegetables are produced. Animal rearing is also practised. This division is suitable for orange production.
(e) West Kanto Division: The division is characterised by large alluvial plains. Crops are grown twice in a year. One third of total wheat production and almost entire barley production of are done here. This division is famous for mulberry tree.
(f) Tosan Division: This region is hilly in character and therefore not suitable for cultivation. Most of the areas are covered by forests. Small amount of rice is cultivated in the narrow valleys of this zone.
(g) Hakuriko Division: This division may be recognised as the rice producing region. Here the rate of rice production is sufficiently high. Though the climate is cool nearly 45% of rice is produced here during the winter.
(ii) Frontier Zone: The southern part of Kyushu island and Tohoku comprise this zone. In the southern part of Kyushu the farmlands are very small in size. The agricultural practice is also underdeveloped. Here about 45% people are cultivators. Large amount of fruits and vegetables etc. are produced in this region due to relatively warm climate.
(iii) Peripheral Zone: The highlands of Southern Chikoku here. and the coastal areas comprise this zone. Here farmlands are large in size but not developed. Jhum cultivation predominates this zone. This zone may be subdivided again in four divisions- the central part of Kyushu, Sunin, southern part of Chikoku and Hida. The central part of Kyushu is very resourceful. In addition to rice, fruits, vegetables, mulberry etc. are cultivated here. The coastal areas of Sunin is not suitable for agriculture. Jhum cultivation is practised in the hilly areas of Chikoku. Most of the areas of Hida are mountainous. Of course the alluvial valleys are suitable for cultivation.
(4) Hokkaido Zone: The Ichikari plain is the main area for cultivation in this zone. The zone experiences excessive cold and therefore only one crop is raised during the year. Rice is the major crop of this zone.
A little amount of potato is also produced. Because of highlands, cold climate and unfertile soil the zone is not suitable for agriculture. This zone may also be divided into three divisions- Viz. Western Hokkaido, Central Hokkaido and Eastern Hokkaido.
9. What are the chief industrial region of Japan? Show these regions in a map and give a brief description of each region.
Ans: The chief industrial region of Japan are:
(i) Tokyo-Yokohama region.
(ii) Osaka-Kobe- Kyoto region.
(iii) Nagoya region. and
(iv) North Kyushu region.
(i) Tokyo-Yakohama region: This region, situated mostly along the Tokyo Bay of the Honshu island, covers the Kanto plain. This region has ideal conditions for the industrial development. Some of the major industries that have developed here are iron and steel, shipbuilding, aircraft, chemical, textile, machinery industries, etc. This region has over 25 big and small towns. The most important among them are Tokyo and Yokohama. More than 30% of the industrial production of Japan comes from this region. Hydroelectricity is also produced here.
(ii) Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto industrial region: This industrial zone is situated in the coastal areas of Osaka Bay. It covers the Kinki plain and so this region is also known as Kinki region. The main factors that have contributed for the development of industries here are excellent water transport facilities, well-developed transport and communication system, availability of various infrastruc- tural facilities, etc. Industries such as iron and steel, petroleum, shipbuilding, aircraft chemical industries, etc. are the main industries that have been developed here. The important industrial towns of this region are Osaka, Kobe and Kyoto. Osaka is noted for the production of cotton and silk.
(iii) Nagoya industrial region: This industrial zone is situated on the east coast of Honshu between Tokyo-Yokohama and Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto industrial region. This region is noted for the presence of cotton, silk and woollen textile industries. This region is also known as the ‘Detroit of Japan’ as this zone has become famous for its car manufacturing industries.
(iv) North Kyushu industrial region: This industrial region mostly lies in the northern part of Kyushu island. The main reason for the development of industries here is the availability of coal and other minerals. The chief industries developed here are iron and steel, shipbuilding, cement, tools, machine manufacturing industries, etc. Yawata, Nagasaki and Shimonosoki are the main industrial centres of this region.
10. Write short note on:
(a) Islands of Japan:
Ans: Islands of Japan: Japan is made of a series of large and small islands lying in the northern part of the Pacific Ocean. Four big islands named Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu are the main islands that constitute Japan besides other smaller ones. Among these four islands, Honshu is the largest and perhaps the most important. This island is the centre of Japan’s industries and international trade. All the four islands lie in the temperate climatic zone and so Japan has an excellent temperate climate which favours industrial production, agriculture and human settlement. Japan is surrounded by seas all sides and this has definitely helped its fishing shipbuilding industry and international trade.
(b) Physiography of Hokkaido region:
Ans: This region comprises Hokkaido island which is situated in the northern part of Japan. The physiography of the region consists of mountains, hills, valleys and few plains. However, it is chiefly mountainous. Because of its hilly nature, this region has not achieved much industrial or agricultural progress. The Hokkaido mountain range is situated in the central no part of this region. A number of extensive alluvial lowlands met are found in the midst of the parallel mountain ranges that lie in this region. The important plains of this region are Ishikari-Yufutoh plain, Tsukushi plain, Konsen plain, etc. The important towns of the region are Sapporo, Kushiro, Muroran, Asahikawa, Hakodate, etc.
(c) Industrialisation and economic development of Japan:
Ans: Japan is considered to be one of the leading industrialised nations of the world. Although she amchas very little resources, yet she has been able to achieve great industrial and economic progress. In terms of industrial production, Japan holds the second position and regarding development of science and technology she stands fourth. Her current per capita income is around US dollars 33,000. More than 33% of the people of Japan are engaged in the industrial sector. More than 40% of the national income comes from this sector. The factors to that have contributed to her remarkable economic and industrial progress have been the hardworking spirit of not the Japanese people, a very good transport and no communication system, the country’s open industrial and ake foreign trade policies and expansion of international trade. The main industrial belt of Japan extends from Tokyo to aub Kyushu-a distance of more than 1,000 km. The main industries that quickened the industrial and economic progress of the country are iron and steel, cotton textile, silk textile, woollen textile, shipbuilding, paper, electrical and other manufacturing industries. of Mam
(d) Terrace cultivation in Japan:
Ans: Japan is mostly a mountainous country. In fact, more than 75% of the total land area of Japan is mountainous in nature. As a result, Japan is forced to opt for terrace cultivation. This is a on method of cultivation whereby steps are cut on the slopes of mountains and hills so as to prevent the erosion of soil and water. A separate drain is provided at the side of the alfield for the drainage and supply of water. Rice and tea are the main crops cultivated in Japan. These two crops are cultivated by terrace cultivation. The Japanese have wol developed unique method of cultivation of rice on hilly slopes and foothills of mountains using a better form of erterrace method of cultivation. This method has become very famous all over the world. Terrace cultivation is also og ideal for the cultivation of tea, Japan produces mostly green aylin tea. Tea is mostly produced on the western and eastern slopes of the mountainous region of central and southern Honshu island.
(e) Tokyo-Yokohama industrial region:
Ans: This region, situated mostly along the Tokyo Bay of the Honshu island, covers the Kanto plain. This region has ideal conditions for the industrial development. Some of the major industries that have developed here are iron and steel, shipbuilding, aircraft, chemical, textile, machinery industries, etc. This region has over 25 big and small towns. The most important among them are Tokyo and Yokohama. More than 30% of the industrial production of Japan comes from this region. Hydroelectricity is also produced here.
(f) Coastal areas of Japan:
Ans:Japan consists of four main islands and numerous small islands. Therefore, Japan has an extensive coastal area. If we look at the economy and industries of Japan, we can see that the presence of such an extensive coastal belt has greatly helped the industrial and economic development of Japan.
(i) The presence of a long coastline has helped Japan to become the leading producer of fish in the world.
(ii) The coastal regions became the centre of Japan’s international trade and business. In fact, most of the industries of Japan are situated in the coastal regions of Japan. Three of the four industrial belts, namely the Tokyo-Yokohama region, Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto region and Nagoya region are situated in the coastal regions of Japan. These regions got developed primarily because of the possibility of bringing adequate resources from outside the country as well as due to the facility for export of manufactured goods.
(g) Honshu island region of Japan:
Ans: Japan consists of four main islands named Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu besides many small islands. Among these four islands the largest island is the Honshu island. Most of the Japanese population and the bulk of Japanese industries are situated in this island. The western part of this island is characterised by numerous folds and faults. Two parallel mountain ranges named Auo and Utsu lie in this island. The central part of this island has Honshu mountains and Shicito Mariana mountain ranges. The highest portion of this mountain system is known as Hida mountain. Mount Fuji, the holy mountain of the Japanese, is situated in this island. Kwanto plain and Nabi plain are two important plains of this region. River Tone is an important river of this island. Most of the major cities of Japan such as Tokyo, Yakohama, Nagoya, Toyama, Aomori, Akita, Morioka, Hachinohe, Sendai, Koriyama, Yamaguta, etc. are situated in this island.
(h) Mineral resources of Japan:
Ans: Japan has limited mineral resources. Coal reserves are neither of high grade nor sufficient for the country’s requirement. Japan is also poor in iron ore deposits. However, there are valuable copper deposits and fairly good deposits of sulphur in Japan. Therefore, she has to import most of the essential minerals required for the industrial development of the country. Japan is particularly deficient in iron ore and petroleum. Therefore, she has to depend very much on import of these two essential items. However, Japan is very rich in water power. Heavy rainfall, swift flowing streams and the rugged relief conditions have given her great facilities for the development of hydroelectric power.
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
A. Answer the following questions:
1. What is the total geographical area of Japan?
Ans: 3,77,765 sq. km.
2. Under which climatic region Japan falls?
Ans: Temperate Climatic Region.
3. What is the capital of Japan?
Ans: Tokyo.
4. What is the average lifespan of the Japanese?
Ans: 82 years.
B. Fill in the blanks:
1. The largest island of Japan is ____.
Ans: Honshu.
2. The population of Japan as per 2007 estimate is _____.
Ans: 128 million.
3. The western agricultural region along the Japan Sea is known as _____.
Ans: Inner zone.
4. About 40% of the Japan’s total income comes from _____.
Ans: Industrial sector.
5. _____ is the holy mountain of the Japanese people.
Ans: Mount Fuji.
6. The people of Japan mostly belong to the _____ racial group.
Ans: Mongoloid.
7. The eastern boundary of Japan is ____.
Ans: Pacific Ocean.
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