SEBA Class 10 History MCQ Chapter 7 The Non-Aligned Movement

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SEBA Class 10 History MCQ Chapter 7 The Non-Aligned Movement

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The Non-Aligned Movement

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Answer the Following Questions:

1. What is known as the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)? What are its chief objectives? Mention some of its achievements.

Ans. The policy of keeping away from any of the power blocs of the world and of following an independent foreign policy by countries is known as the Non-Alignment. The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) was started in 1961 under the leadership of Pt Jawaharlal Nehru of India, President Ahmed Sukarno of Indonesia, President Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt and Marshal Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia. Today, it is one of the significant forces in the world and exerts tremendous influence upon international politics.

The main objectives of the NAM are:

(i) To attempt to bring about lasting peace in the world.

(ii) To support the policy of peaceful co-existence.

(iii) To oppose Cold War in all its various forms.

(iv) To oppose colonialism and support any anti-imperialist liberation movement.

(v) To oppose the setting up of foreign bases in other countries.

(vi) To strive towards establishing economic equilibrium in the world.

During the past 40 years of its existence, the NAM has played a significant role in bringing peace and friendly relationship among the nations of the world. 

Some of its major achievements are:

(i) It has lessened the evil of imperialism and colonialism in the world.

(ii) It has helped the removal of apartheid from South Africa.

(iii) It has played a crucial role in safeguarding international peace and security by preventing war several times.

(iv) It has helped the working of the UN and its various agencies.

(v) It has helped to form international unity.

(vi) It has helped to bring unity among the developing counties of the world.

(vii) It has helped to bring Afro-Asian unity.

(viii) It has prevented local wars from escalating into global wars.

(ix) It has settled several international disputes through dialogues and mutual understanding.

(x) It has promoted economic and technological development in the underdeveloped nations of the world.

(xi) It has helped the UNO in bringing about arms reduction and preventing nuclear proliferation.

(xii) It has played a major role in bringing down Cold War situation in the world.

2. Write Short Notes on:

(i) Third World Countries.

Ans: Third World Countries: Today, the nations of the world are divided into the First, the Second and the Third World. The developed countries of America and Europe which have a capitalist economy are known as the First World while the socialist countries of Eastern Europe which are under the leadership of Russia are called The Second World. The underdeveloped and developing countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America are called the Third World. Currently, there are about 120 countries belonging to this group. The Third World countries are characterised by the following features:

(a) All these countries were once upon a time directly or indirectly under imperialistic countries.

(b) These countries are in Asia, Africa and Latin America.

(c) These countries are much backward economically and industrially.

(d) Most of these countries belong to the Non-Alignment group.

(e) These countries are characterised by high population growth rate and low per capita income.

(f) The people of the Third World have low standard of living.

(ii) Truman Doctrine.

Ans: (ii) Truman Doctrine: The American policy proposed by the American President Harry S. Truman that America would come to the help of any nation threatened by communism came to be known as the Truman Doctrine. The American President promised military and economic aid to those countries threatened by aggressive soviet communism. It is in this context, that he asked the American Congressmen for a grant of 400 US dollars to help Greece and Turkey toward off communist attempt to take over these two countries. In May 1947, President Harry S. Truman warned Soviet Union that the USA would not sit idle if any power encroached on the freedom of the people of any country. He further said that the USA would support the free people of the world to fight against any aggression or outside pressure. The Truman Doctrine brought an end to the policy of American isolation which was formerly practised. The Truman Doctrine clearly spelled out that America cannot afford to remain aloof in the world and would come to the help of the needy nations in their fight against communism.

(iii) Marshall Plan.

Ans: Marshall Plan: George Catlett Marshall, the Secretary of the State of America, (1947-49) proposed his plan known as the Marshall Plan or European Recovery Programme. The financial support offered by America to the war ravaged European countries in their attempt to recover from their economic woes came to be known as Marshal Plan. In a speech at the Harvard University on 5 June 1947, he called upon the European nations to outline their economic needs so that the United States of America could help them financially in their economic recovery. In July 1947, at the Paris Economic Conference, many of the European countries including Britain and France accepted the plan. Thus, through the Marshall Plan America tried to control the economic situation of Europe and prevented the European countries from seeking the help of Soviet Union. It was a sign of American imperialism at its best.

(iv) Panchshil.

Ans. Panchshil: The post-Second World War period was marked by the conclusion of several military alliances such as the NATO, the SEATO, the Baghdad and the Warsaw Pact. India realized that mere opposition to military pacts was not enough and a positive alternative to them should be found. Pt Jawaharlal Nehru, the Prime Minister of India was of the view that the alternative to war-hot or cold, was peaceful co-existence. On 23 September 1954, while explaining the foreign policy of India, he laid stress on five principles of peace and named them as Panchshil. 

These five principles of Panchsheel were:

(a) Mutual respect for the territorial integrity and sovereignty.

(b) Non-aggression against anyone.

(c) Non-interference in each other’s internal affairs.

(d) To work for equality and mutual benefit.

(e) To have faith in peaceful co-existence of nations.

This policy became the bedrock of India’s foreign policy. All the 29 Afro-Asian countries that attended the Bandung Conference on World Peace and Cooperation in April 1955 accepted these principles. These principles also became a strong pillar of Indo-China relationship.

3. Mention some of the principles of the summit meeting held at Belgrade.

Ans. The summit meeting held at Belgrade contained the following principles:

(i) It condemned all kinds of colonialism and imperialism.

(ii) It condemned all kinds of racial discrimination and apartheid.

(iii) It demanded freedom and independence of all countries and nations from colonialism and imperialism.

(iv) It demanded complete disarmament for the maintenance of world peace.

(v) It declared its support to the freedom struggles of the people of Algeria, Angola, Congo and Tunisia and demanded the foreign powers to withdraw their respective military forces from these countries.

(vi) It issued an warning to the two Super Powers – the United States of America and Soviet Russia – not to disturb world peace.

(vii) It demanded equal rights for all backward countries/nations of the world for their economic, social and cultural development without any threat or interference from any quarter.

(viii) It demanded the expansion of foreign trade of all developing nations on the basis of equality and justice.

S.L No.	CONTENTS
Chapter – 1	Growth Of Imperialism And Colonialism
Chapter – 2	The First World War
Chapter – 3	The World Between The Two World Wars
Chapter – 4	The Second World War
Chapter – 5	The United Nations Organization
Chapter – 6	Emergence Of Asia And Africa In The Post-Second World War Period
Chapter – 7	The Non-Aligned Movement
Chapter – 8	Foreign Policy Of India

4. Mention the summit meetings held in various parts of the world after the first inaugural summit meeting of the Non-Aligned Movement at Belgrade.

Ans. The summit meetings held in various parts of the world after the first inaugural summit meeting of the Non-Aligned Movement at Belgrade were:

(i) The 1st Summit Meeting, Belgrade, (Yugoslavia), 1961.

(ii) The 2nd Summit Meeting, Cairo, (Egypt), 1964.

(iii) The 3rd Summit Meeting, Lusaka, (Zambia), 1970.

(iv) The 4th Summit Meeting, Algiers, (Algeria), 1973.

(v) The 5th Summit Meeting, Colombo, (Sri Lanka), 1976.

(vi) The 6th Summit Meeting, Havana, (Cuba), 1979.

(vii) The 7th Summit Meeting, New Delhi, (India), 1983.

(viii) The 8th Summit Meeting, Harare, (Zimbabwe), 1986.

(ix) The 9th Summit Meeting, Belgrade, (Yugoslavia), 1989.

(x) The 10th Summit Meeting, Jakarta, (Indonesia), 1992.

(xi) The 11th Summit Meeting, Cartazeno, (Colombia), 1995.

(xii) The 12th Summit Meeting, Durban, (South Africa), 1998.

(xiii) The 13th Summit Meeting, Kuala Lumpur, (Malaysia), 2003.

(xiv) The 14th Summit Meeting, Havana, (Cuba), 2006.

(xv) The 15th Summit Meeting, Sharm El Sheikh, (Egypt), 2009.

Choose the correct option:

(i) The Cold War between the USA and the Soviet Union started with the _____________.

(a) First World War.

(b) Russian Revolution.

(c) Second World War.

(d) Cuban Crisis.

Ans. (b) Russian Revolution.

(ii) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was formed in ______________.

(a) 1947.

(b) 1946.

(c) 1948.

(d) 1949.

Ans. (d) 1949.

(iii) Soviet Union became a nuclear power in ______________.

(a) 1949.

(b) 1952.

(c) 1953

(d) 1948.

Ans. (a) 1949.

(iv) The number of nations that belongs to the group of the Commonwealth Nations is ____________.

(a) 50 nations.

(b) 54 nations.

(c) 63 nations.

(d) 43 nations.

Ans. (b) 54 nations.

(v) The first summit meeting of the Non-Aligned Movement was held at _____________.

(a) Colombo.

(b) New Delhi.

(c) Belgrade.

(d) Bandung.

Ans. (c) Belgrade.

(vi) The 7th meeting of the Non-Aligned Movement was held at _____________.

(a) New Delhi.

(b) Cairo.

(c) Harare.

(d) Havana.

Ans. (a) New Delhi.

(vii) The number of countries that joined the Non-Aligned Movement at the time of its formation in 1961 is _____________.

(a) 100.

(b) 114.

(c) 95.

(d) 25.

Ans. (d) 25.

(viii) The term ‘Iron Curtain’ was popularized by _____________.

(a) Walter Lippman.

(b) Winston Churchill.

(c) Harry S. Truman.

(d) Bernard Mannes Baruch.

Ans. (b) Winston Churchill.

(ix) The Cold War ended with the ____________.

(a) Disintegration of Soviet Union.

(b) Destruction of Berlin Wall.

(c) End of Cuban crisis.

(d) Signing of nuclear disarmament treaty.

Ans. (a) Disintegration of Soviet Union.

(x) The Organisation of African Unity (OAU) was formed in the year ______________. 

(a) 1961.

(b) 1960.

(c) 1953.

(d) 1963.

Ans. (d) 1963

Fill in the blanks:

(i) The American President ____________ ordered the dropping of atom bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Ans. Harry S. Truman.

(ii) ____________ has been the hallmark of American foreign policy for four decades after Truman.

Ans. Truman Doctrine.

(iii) The USA produced ____________ bomb in 1952.

Ans. Hydrogen.

(iv) The Nationalist Party of China under Chiang Kai-shek established a Chinese Government in ____________.

Ans. Taiwan.

(v) The guiding principles of India’s foreign policy were _____________.

Ans. Panchasil.

(vi) The first Afro-Asian Conference on World Peace and Cooperation was held at _____________ in Indonesia in 1955.

Ans. Bandung.

(vii) The South Asian Association for Regional _____________ was formed in 1985.

Ans. Cooperation.

(viii) The Panchasil Agreement was signed between India and ______________ on 29 May, 1954.

Ans. China.

Match the following:

Column A	Column B
(i) China becomes a communist nation	(a) 14 May 1955
(ii) Formation of NATO	(b) April 1955
(iii) Formation of Warsaw Pact	(c) September 196
(iv) Bandung Conference	(d) 4 April 1949
(v) First NAM Summit at Belgrade	(e) 1 October 1949

Ans. 

Column A	Column B
(i) China becomes a communist nation	(e) 1 October 1949
(ii) Formation of NATO	(d) 4 April 194
(iii) Formation of Warsaw Pact	(a) 14 May 1955
(iv) Bandung Conference	(b) April 1955
(v) First NAM Summit at Belgrade	(c) September 196

Name the following persons:

(i) The Indonesian leader who helped the founding of NAM: _____________.

Ans: Ahmed Sukarno.

(ii) The Chinese leader who signed the Panchasil Agreement with India: _____________.

Ans: Zhou En-lai.

(iii) The Chinese leader who started the government in exile in Formosa: ______________.

Ans. Chiang Kai-shek.

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