Hello Viewers Today’s We are going to Share Assam SEBA Board Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Environment and Environmental Problems Question And Answer As Per New Syllabus. The Complete Syllabus of SEBA Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Environment and Environmental Problems Share with you. SEBA Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Environment and Environmental Problems Solutions Which you Can Buy PDF Notes NCERT Class 10 Social Science Geography for using direct Download Link Given Below in This Post.
SEBA Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Environment and Environmental Problems
Today’s We have Shared in This Post SEBA Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Environment and Environmental Problems PDF Notes with you. SEBA Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Environment and Environmental Problems Solutions I Hope, you Liked The information About The SEBA Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Environment and Environmental Problems Question Answer. If you liked SEBA Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Textbook Solutions Then Please Do Share this Post With your Friends as Well.
Environment and Environmental Problems
PART – II: [GEOGRAPHY]
TEXTUAL QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1. Write in your own words the meaning of environment.
Ans: The term ‘environment’ means the conditions existing around an organism which include biotic elements such as microbes, plants, animals and large mammals, and abiotic elements such as land, water, air and all other lifeless elements which through their interaction create the necessary conditions for life. From a geographical point of view, environment refers to the four spheres of the earth, i.e. lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. The conditions created by the interaction of these four spheres is called an environment.
According to the geographer Peter Haggett, “environment is the outcome of interaction among land, water, air and life.
2. Mention some of the biotic and abiotic elements of environment.
Ans: The elements of environment are:
(i) Biotic elements: All plants and animals ranging from microbes to large mammals.
(ii) Abiotic elements: Land, water, air and all lifeless elements.
3. Write the meaning of lithosphere.
Ans: Lithosphere means the land surface of the earth which consists of rocks, soils, minerals, etc. It covers mountains, hills, plateaus, plains, valleys and coasts over the continents. Hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere individually and collectively determine the characteristics of the lithosphere and how it changes in the course of time.
4. What are the features included in the hydrosphere?
Ans: Hydrosphere refers to the waterbodies of the earth which include the following features:
(i) seas.
(ii) oceans.
(iii) rivers.
(iv) lakes.
(v) wells, etc.
5. Write about the composition of the atmosphere.
Ans: The gaseous layer which surrounds the earth upto a height of 480 kms from the earth’s surface is known as atmosphere. It mainly consists of 78.08% nitrogen, 20.94% oxygen, 0.035% carbon dioxide, 0.93% argon, and other gasses like hydrogen etc.
6. Give an outline of the extent of the biosphere.
Ans: Biosphere covers those parts of the earth’s environment where life forms exist, i.e. lithosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere. This area includes the earth’s surface, down to a few meters from the earth’s surface, the lower stratum of the atmosphere and most parts of the seas and oceans.
7. Discuss briefly the relation among the four major components of environment.
Ans: Environment consists of four components namely lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. There is close interdependence and interaction among these four components of the environment. In fact, they are interdependent on each other for their nature and existence. Different cycles of nature such as hydrological cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, energy cycle, etc. pass through all the four components. There is a close complex network of relationship among the various elements of these components.
Any change that occurs in any one of the major components affects the other three components of the environment. When atmosphere is affected by over radiation from the sun, it in tum affects the hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. It leads to the melting of snow which in tum causes a rise in the sea level bringing a lot of changes in the coastal regions of the earth’s surface. As a result, many regions of the lithosphere get submerged. Many of the microorganisms, flora and fauna that live on the lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere perish as a result of this overheating of the atmosphere. Cutting down of trees of the lithosphere leads to overabundance of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere leading to global warming which affects not only living organisms on the earth but also those of the oceans. Thus, it is evident that all the four components of the environment are closely connected and interdependent.
8. Mention the major causes of environmental change.
Ans: Today the environment is changing both in terms of space and time. The major causes of environmental change are the various anti-nature human activities such as urbanization, Industrialisation, expansion of transport and communication, shrinking of forest cover and wetlands, etc. These activities have profoundly affected all the four spheres. The spread of population and human activities to the mountainous and desert areas are causing rapid environmental changes there. Thus, we can say that the primary cause for environmental change is human activities.
Briefly, the major causes of environmental Change are:
(i) Increase in population.
(ii) Industrialisation and urbanization.
(iii) Increase of carbon-dioxide in the atmosphere.
(iv) Deforestation and decrease in wetlands.
(v) Expansion of human activities in the mountainous and desert areas.
9. Explain the meaning of environmental problem.
Ans: For a long time, there existed no environmental problem. This was because there existed a proper balance among the natural and man-made elements. But as a result of the rapid growth of human population, spread of urbanization, industrialisation, deforestation, extensive use of fossil fuels, shrinking of wetlands, etc., ecological equilibrium that existed among the four spheres of the earth got disturbed. This caused the emergence of many problems such as pollution. desertification, global warming, melting of snow, rise of sea level, etc. Since all these problems are linked to the environment, they are called environmental problems.
| S.L No. | CONTENTS |
| PART – I: HISTORY | |
| Chapter 1 | Partition Of Bengal And Swadeshi Movement |
| Chapter 2 | Rise Of Gandhi And The Freedom Movement Of India |
| Chapter 3 | Anti-British Rising And Peasant Revolts In Assam |
| Chapter 4 | Indian Freedom Movement And National Awakening In Assam |
| Chapter 5 | Cultural Heritage Of India And North East Region |
| PART – II: GEOGRAPHY | |
| Chapter 6 | Economic Geography: Subject Matter And Resource |
| Chapter 7 | Environment And Environmental Problems |
| Chapter 8 | Geography Of The World |
| Chapter 9 | Geography Of Assam |
| PART – III: POLITICAL SCIENCE | |
| Chapter 10 | Indian Democracy |
| Chapter 11 | International Organization |
| PART – III: ECONOMICS | |
| Chapter 12 | Money And Banking |
| Chapter 13 | Economic Development |
10. Write geographical divisions of the environmental problems.
Ans: The geographical divisions of the environmental problems are:
(i) Local problem: An environmental problem which affects only a particular place or a small area so far as their genesis and spread are concerned is called a local environmental problem. e.g. land pollution created by a small-scale industry, water scarcity in winter due to shallowing of wetlands, bank erosion caused by a local river, etc.
(ii) Regional problem: Regional problem exists in a large region or in one or more nations. e.g. flood problem in the state of Assam as a result of the overflooding of the Brahmaputra or the Barak rivers, water pollution in a vast industrial area, scarcity of underground water in a city, soil erosion in a river basin, etc.
(iii) Global problem: The environmental issues that affect the entire world are termed as global problems. These problems need international efforts for solution and management. e.g. global warming which affects the atmosphere and thus has no geographical boundary.
11. Mention the major environmental problems of the world.
Ans: The major environmental problems of the world are:
(i) Land, air, and water pollution.
(ii) Desertification.
(iii) Landslide and soil erosion.
(iv) Global warming.
(v) Artificial floods.
(vi) Increase in sea level, etc.
15. Give the meaning of the term pollution.
Ans: The process of contamination of the environment by harmful substances is called pollution. It is caused by adding or dumping of pollutants into the environment. Zinc, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, etc. are some major pollutants of the environment and air and water pollution causes harm to human beings and all life forms.
16. What is water pollution? How does it occur?
Ans: The process by which the natural state or quality of water gets changed on addition or passing through of harmful items such as chemical substances, particles, radiation, microbes, etc. is known as water pollution. It occurs when there are human settlements, industries, agricultural fields, etc. near the water sources, from where wastes get mixed with the water, making it polluted.
17. Write a short note on land pollution.
Ans: Today land pollution has reached an alarming rate in most countries of the world. Land is being polluted mainly due to human activities.
Land loses its natural quality and fertility when it comes into contact with certain chemical substances, poisonous metals, industrial wastes, radioactive wastes, urban wastes, etc. Agricultural pesticides, land filling and increasing scale of deforestation, application of chemical fertilizers, irrigation, insecticides, etc. for higher agricultural production also pollute land. For all these reasons, land pollution in most countries has become a major problem today and a lot of measures are being undertaken to rectify the problems. Use of underground water in the fields degrades the natural soil quality. Application of insecticides and weedicides in the fields destroys useful life forms with the harmful ones and hence polluting the land by changing its natural properties. Industrialisation and Industrial wastes mix with the soil to pollute it, and improper mining of coal and petroleum also pollutes the land.
18. Write how air is polluted.
Ans: Air pollution has become one of the serious environmental problems of today. Atmosphere mostly consists of gases such as nitrogen (78.08%), oxygen (20.94%), argon (0.93%) and carbon dioxide (0.035%). By maintaining a definite proportion, these gases keep the atmospheric temperature in balance. When any of these gases increases substantially, or if other solid, liquid or gaseous substances are added to the atmosphere, it disturbs the atmospheric balance which results in air pollution. Such pollution cause harm to biotic and abiotic elements.
Air pollution is caused by:
(i) Natural factors:
(a) Volcanic eruption: Air is polluted by the smoke, ashes and gasses that come out in a volcanic eruption. e.g. 15-20 million tonnes of sulfur dioxide (SO,) was emitted in the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in Philippines.
(b) Forest fire: In many parts of the earth, forest fires contribute largely to polluting the air.
(ii) Human factors:
(a) Industrialisation and urbanization.
(b) Increase in vehicular traffic and natural explosions.
(c) Increased use of fossil fuels.
All these human activities have led to the addition of harmful gasses like carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, hydrocarbons, sulfur dioxide, etc. to the air, leading to its pollution.
19. What is a desert? Give the definition of desertification.
Ans: The parts of the earth where evaporation is high and rainfall is scarce, making it difficult for plants, animals and human beings to survive are known as deserts. They cover around 20% of the world’s land surface. Desertification is defined as the process of the spread of desert conditions to the peripheral areas. Currently about 35% of the world’s land surface is affected by the process of desertification. According to a meeting held in Nairobi in 1977 by the United Nations, desertification is “the diminution or destruction of the biological potential of the land leading ultimately to desert-like conditions.”
20. Mention the causes of desertification.
Ans: The causes of desertification are:
(i) Natural factors:
(a) Drought: It affects productivity of land and growth of natural vegetation, thereby leading to desertification.
(b) Global warming: Increase in temperature due to global warming makes the desert environment more dry, accelerating desertification.
(ii) Human factors:
(a) Human activities: It includes overgrazing, expansion of agriculture and deforestation.
(b) Population growth: Growth in population has increased pressure in the desert and semi-desert areas which creates expansion of deserts.
21. Is it possible to control desertification?
Ans: Yes, though a challenging task, it is possible to control desertification through measures like afforestation, rainwater harvesting, prevention of soil erosion, construction of artificial irrigation systems, extension of canal systems into semi-arid regions, etc. Since it is not one nation’s problem, it must be tackled on a global basis. As desertification is associated with global warming measures to reduce global warming will definitely lead to a decrease in the process of desertification.
22. What is global warming? Mention its causes.
Ans: Global warming has become the most important environmental problem of our world today. The increase of temperature over the earth’s surface as a result of the emission of greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere is known as global warming. The main cause of global warming is emission of greenhouse gasses.
Gasses that can trap the energy reflected back by the earth’s surface, viz. carbon dioxide (CO). methane (CH), nitrous oxide (NO), water vapor, etc, increase the atmospheric temperature. These gases are called greenhouse gases and constitute about 0.1% of the total volume of atmospheric gases. Variation in composition of such gases has increased the atmosphere’s temperature leading to global warming.
Among all the greenhouse gases, the role of carbon dioxide gas has been most significant, as it alone has increased by 30% in the atmosphere in the last 150 years. After industrial revolution, use of fossil fuels and deforestation greatly increased. This has led to a rise in carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere and hence a rise in the atmospheric temperature. Volcanic eruptions have increased the composition of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere; increase in the proportion of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) has also increased in the atmosphere all contributing to global warming.
23. What are the probable consequences of global warming?
Ans: The consequences of global warming are:
(i) Increase in atmospheric temperature: From the pre-industrial revolution era, average surface temperature has increased by 0.76°C and has been estimated to increase by 5.8°C in future.
(ii) Melting of snow in the polar areas: Increase in temperature by 2-3°C will cause melting of snow in the north and south polar areas.
(iii) Rise of sea level: Melting of snowcaps will lead to rise in sea level. Rise in sea level by one meter will submerge 5 million sq. km. of coastal areas, many populated islands , deltas and coral islands.
(iv) Change in growth and distribution of plants and animals.
(v) Decrease in crop output.
(vi) Expansion of desertification.
24. Write how to control global warming.
Ans: Following measures should be taken to control global warming:
(i) Avoid cutting down of trees unless urgently required.
(ii) Controlling the high population growth rate.
(iii) Reducing the use of gadgets that release chlorofluorocarbons.
(iv) Reducing the use of fossil fuels such as mineral oil, natural gas, etc.
(v) Increased use of non-conventional sources of energy such as solar, wind, biomass energy, etc.
25. Is there any environmental problem in your own locality? If yes, then explain their causes and indicate some measures for their solution.
Ans: Students do Yourself.
Read Also: Alternative English Class 12 Solution – 2024 | [Updated New Syllabus]
We Hope the given SEBA Class 10 Social Science Geography Question Answer will help you. If you Have any Regarding Assam SEBA Board Class 10 Social Science Geography Notes PDF download, drop a comment below and We will get back to you at the earliest.
Hi! I’m Ankit Roy, a full time blogger, digital marketer and Founder of Roy Library. I shall provide you all kinds of study materials, including Notes, Suggestions, Biographies and everything you need.
