SEBA Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 1 Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi Movement

Hello Viewers Today’s We are going to Share Assam SEBA Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 1 Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi Movement Question And Answer As Per New Syllabus. The Complete Syllabus of SEBA Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 1 Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi Movement Share with you. SEBA Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 1 Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi Movement Solutions Which you Can PDF Download SEBA Class 10 Social Science History Notes for using direct Download Link Given Below in This Post.

SEBA Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 1 Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi Movement

Today’s We have Shared in This Post SEBA Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 1 Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi Movement Textbook PDF Notes with you. SEBA Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 1 Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi Movement Solutions I Hope, you Liked The information About The SEBA Class 10 Social Science Question Answer. If you liked SEBA Class 10 Social Science History Textbook Solutions Then Please Do Share this Post With your Friends as Well.

Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi Movement

HISTORY

Very Short Answer Questions:

1. In which Viceroy’s time did the partition of Bengal take place?

Ans: Lord curzon.

2. On which date in 1905 did the partition of Bengal come into force?

Ans: 16 october 1905.

3. In which meeting was the proposal of giving up foreign commodities accepted?

Ans: In a huge public meeting held at Dinazpur on 20th July 1905 the proposal of giving up foreign commodities accepted.

4. Who was the editor of the journal Jugaantar published in the time of Swadeshi movement?

Ans: The editor of the journal Jugaantar published in the time of Swadeshi movement is Bhupendra Dutta.

5. When was the institution named National Education Council (Jatiya Siksha Parisad) established in Bengal?

Ans:  National Education Council established on 11th March 1906, in Bengal.

6. Who was the main introducer of the industry named Bengal Chemicals?

Ans: The main introducer of the industry named Bengal Chemicals is Acharya Prafulla Ray.

7. Under whose presidentship did the Conference of Indian National Congress accept the proposal of swaraj for Indians? 

Ans: Dada bhai Naoraji.

8. When did the unification of Bengal take place?

Ans: The unification of Bengal take place on 11th December 1911.

Short/Long Answer Type Questions

1. Mention three main geographical regions of Bengal which were annexed to the province West Bengal and Assam created after the partition of Bengal.

Ans: To curb the rising tide of nationalism in Bengal and to disrupt the existing Hindu-Muslim unity in the region, the British government, under Viceroy Lord Curzon, decided to partition Bengal. As a result, a new province named East Bengal and Assam was created by merging Assam with three additional regions:

(a) Dhaka

(b) Chattagram

(c) Rajshahi

2. Write briefly about what were the intentions of the partition of Bengal.

Ans: Although the British government in India officially justified the partition of Bengal as an administrative measure, its true motives were different. 

The primary objectives behind this move were:

(i) To suppress the rising wave of nationalism, as Bengal had become the epicenter of the nationalist movement.

(ii) To weaken Hindu-Muslim unity, which could pose a threat to British rule in India.

(iii) To redraw Bengal’s boundaries in a way that would make Hindus a minority in the newly created province of East Bengal and Assam, while Muslims would become a minority in the remaining part of Bengal. This division aimed to prevent both communities from uniting against the British.

(iv) To appease Muslim leaders while simultaneously weakening the Hindu-Bengali population, who were at the forefront of the national movement.

(v) To curb the influence of radical nationalists within the Indian National Congress and weaken the growing anti-British sentiment.

3. Why was the anti-partition Bengal movement named a Swadeshi Movement? Discuss briefly.

Ans: The proposal of the partition of Bengal was raised by the British authorities on 6th December 1903. Soon there emerged a strong anti-partition movement in Bengal by leaders like Surendra Nath Banerjee, Bipin Chandra Paul, Arabinda Ghose, Rabindra Nath Tagore, Rash Behari Bose, Ramendra Sundar Trivedi, etc. They felt that the move was an attempt to break the Hindu-Muslim unity that existed in the province. They started a signature collecting campaign to create strong public opinion and awareness among the people. They submitted 70,000 protest papers to the Secretary General, but the British government remained adamant. The people then rose up unitedly against this plan of the British by launching massive public protests and agitations.

Many places in Bengal were marked by strong protest marches against the move. People irrespective of caste, creed and religion joined the movement. The national congress leaders realising the great potential of this new mass movement decided to turn the movement into a national movement. During its session at Benares in December 1905, they decided to go beyond the partition issue. They termed the new movement as Swadeshi Movement because it went beyond the borders of Bengal and people across the country accepted the idea of boycotting foreign items, using home-made goods and rejecting government given titles and posts. Students were asked to come away from government schools and colleges and join national institutions setup by patriotic Indian leaders. Thus, this phase of the movement against the British in India came to be known as Swadeshi Movement and it lasted for more than six years from 1905 to 1911.

4. Discuss the contributions of the Swadeshi movement towards national education.

Ans: The Swadeshi movement was not confined to boycotts of British goods only. It also had a big influence on the prevalent educational system of Bengal. It was noticed that the movements were becoming popular among the students and the chief secretary of Bengal R. W. Carlyle circulated a notice (10th October, 1905) warning all the students not to take part in the movement. The student community made strong protest against this circular and they observed a walk out of the classroom. Under the presidentship of Rabindra Nath Tagore, a vast student rally was organized at Pataldanga Mallikbari (4th Nov. 1905) and on that rally, an ‘Anti Circular Society’ was formed to disobey the order of the government. This was the first incident of disobedience of government order.

5. How did the national industries develop during the Swadeshi Movement? Explain in short. 

Ans. The Swadeshi Movement led to the emergence of the spirit of self-development which led to the development of Indian industries. As foreign goods were rejected, people now turned to locally made goods. The result was that several big industries and many small-scale industries came up in different parts of the country. Spinning machines, small and medium handloom industries, industries for producing mustard oil, soap, sugar, match box, biscuit, etc. were established. During this period, national banks and national insurance companies also came into existence. One of the establishments set up during this period was ‘The Swadeshi Bhandar which became a reputed textile firm. It was started by Rabindranath Tagore, Yogesh Ch Choudhury and Krishna Bihari Sen jointly established ‘Indian Stores’ at Bou Bazaar, Calcutta,Sarala Devi Chaudhurani started ‘Lakshi Bhandar’ at Cornwallis Street in Calcutta, ‘The United Bengal Stores was also established during this period.

The heavy industries sector also witnessed some initiatives during this period. Nilaratan Sarkar started ‘Banga Lakshmi Cotton Mill’ in August 1906 while Acharya Prafulla Ray established ‘Bengal Chemicals’ in July 1906. A significant initiative was the establishment of Tata Iron factory in Jamshedpur in 1907 by Jamshedji Tata. On 17th December 1905, the first Indian Industrial Summit was held at Benares with R.C. Dutta as the chairman. The summit created awareness among the Indian people about the prospects of the indigenous industries. Thus the Swadeshi Movement spurred industrial growth in the country.

6. What were the anti movement measures taken by the British to dominate Swadeshi movement.

Ans: The Swadeshi Movement (1905–1911) was a powerful nationalist response to the British decision to partition Bengal. It aimed at promoting indigenous goods, boycotting British products, and fostering self-reliance. However, the British government took several harsh steps to suppress the movement and maintain its control over India.

(a) Repressive Laws and Censorship: To weaken the Swadeshi Movement, the British introduced stringent laws such as the Sedition Act and the Preventive Detention Act. These laws restricted freedom of speech and press, making it illegal to criticize British rule. Many newspapers that supported the movement, like Kesari and The Bengali, were fined or shut down. Writers and editors who spoke against colonial rule were arrested.

(b) Police Brutality and Mass Arrests: The British authorities used force to suppress Swadeshi protests and processions. The police frequently lathi-charged peaceful demonstrators and resorted to firing on crowds. Several leaders, including Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Bipin Chandra Pal, were arrested and jailed under false charges of sedition. Many activists were either deported or imprisoned for long periods.

(c) Ban on Public Gatherings and Organizations: The government imposed strict restrictions on public meetings and processions, fearing that large gatherings would fuel nationalist sentiments. Associations and organizations that promoted Swadeshi ideals were declared illegal. The British also introduced the Criminal Law Amendment Act, which allowed them to arrest and punish people for merely participating in the movement.

7. Mention three results of Swadeshi Movement.

Ans: The three results of Swadeshi Movement are:

(i) National Education: There was a significant rise in national consciousness, particularly among students and intellectuals. The boycott of British goods led to the promotion of indigenous industries, boosting local production of textiles, handlooms, and other goods. Several national educational institutions, such as the National Council of Education in Bengal (which later became Jadavpur University), were established to provide an alternative to British-controlled education.

(ii) Women participation: In the Swadeshi movement, women were encouraged to break the social barriers and participate in the movement. Sarala Devi Choudhurini, a prominent female leader organised festivals like, ‘Binastami Brat, Pratapaditya Keshab, Udayaditya Utsav, Byayam Samittee, etc. She trained the youth in wrestling, stick play, etc. and edited a magazine named ‘Bharati’, thus preparing the young to take active part in the national movement. Another prominent woman leader was Sister Nibedita who was involved with different societies and encouraged the youth and the women to be independent by getting involved in local industries.

(iii) Establishment of Muslim League: The British government tried to divide the Indians on the basis of religion, caste, etc. so that their imperialism would remain intact. Influenced by Lord Curzon, the Muslims welcomed the Bengal partition. After receiving special political gains from the British, the Muslims were encouraged to form a political organisation called the All India Muslim League. This league became a big force to reckon with as it weakened the efficacy of the Indian National Congress.

8. Mention three contributions of Swadeshi movement.

Ans: The major contributions of Swadeshi movement are:

(i) Gave awareness about mass movement: An important contribution of the Swadeshi movement was that Indians became politically aware of the power of mass movement. They realised that if the people came out together in majority for a common cause, the mass struggle would eventually bring success.

(ii) Attracted women towards mass movement: Swadeshi movement empowered the Indian women towards the mass movement. Each person in the Bengal province kept a fast on the day when Prafulla Chaki was executed. Moreover, Bhubanesari Devi called thousands of women for mass movement to protest police torture of her son, Bhupendra Nath Dutta.

(iii) Aroused demand for Swaraj: The Swadeshi movement aroused the passion for ‘Swaraj’. It was during this movement that Indians for the first time demanded Swaraj or self-governance from the British. This demand was raised during the Congress session-at Calcutta in 1906 under the presidency of Dadabhai Naoroji.

Write Short Notes on

1. Kabiguru Rabindranath Tagore

Ans: Rabindranath Tagore is looked upon as one of the finest personalities ever produced by Bengal for our country. He was a famous lyricist, dramatist, poet, story-writer, painter, educationalist, philosopher and revolutionary at heart. As a young man, he contributed much to the emergence of nationalism in Bengal particularly during the period of anti-partition and Swadeshi movement. His speech during a huge public rally at Calcutta on 7th August 1905 was the turning point in the anti-partition movement, Rabindranath Tagore turned 16th October 1905, the day partition of Bengal was implemented, into a day of Rakhi Bandhan to strengthen and show Hindu-Muslim unity. He encouraged people to tie rakhi on the hands of Muslims as a mark of brotherhood. His collection of 23 patriotic songs written and sung during this period is a treasure-house of patriotic feelings. His famous song ‘Amar Sonar Bangla Ami’ became the national anthem of Bangladesh. His article, Bhai Bhai Ek Thai’ was heart-touching and boosted the spirit of Swadeshi movement. He is associated with the establishment of a series of national educational institutions named “Banga Jatiya Vidyalayas’ during this period. He also encouraged the development of local industries and started in this context a shop named ‘Swadesh Bandar’ which over the years became a reputed textile firm in Calcutta.

2. Margaret Elizabeth Noble (Bhagini Nivedita)

Ans: Margaret Elizabeth Noble (1864-1911), known as Sister Nibedita is considered to be the best known woman national leader from Bengal during the period of the Swadeshi movement. She was an Irish lady who made India her homeland and accepted Hinduism as her religion. She was patriotic to her heart and contributed much to the development of national fervour in Bengal. During her stay in Calcutta, she was associated with Youngman’s Hindu Union, Vivekananda Society, Dawn Society and Anusilan Sammittee. She encouraged youth and women to be independent, patriotic and self-standing by being involved in indigenous industries. In many ways, she promoted the cause of nationalism in the country. Her greatest contribution was she turned ‘Banga Mata’ devotion to ‘Bharat Mata’ devotion. It is in this backdrop that Sister Nibedita is reckoned as an immortal figure of the national movement in our country.

3. Nawab Salimullah

Ans: Nawab Salimullah Khan is considered to be the founder of Muslim League formed in 1906 to protect the interests of Muslims in the country. He was a Nawab of a small principality near Dhaka. He was helped by Lord Curzon to organise the Muslims of East Bengal against the Hindu majority of West Bengal. When the Muslim leaders realised that British authorities were most willing to help them to form a party of their own, a group of Muslim leaders headed by Salimullah Khan and Agha Khan seized the opportunity. It was Salimullah Khan who organised the meeting of Muslim leaders on 30th December 1906 in Dhaka where he spearheaded the creation of the Muslim League. It was again Nawab Salimullah who outlined the aims and objectives of this new political party. In an atmosphere where Indians were protesting with the Swadeshi movement, Nawab Salimullah declared Muslim loyalty to the British, and thus weakened the Indian National Congress. After his demise, the conservative character of the Muslim League saw many changes.

Read Also: SEBA Class 10 Elective Geography Solution 2024 | As Per New Syllabus