SEBA Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Ecological Geography: Subject Matter and Resource

Hello Viewers Today’s We are going to Share Assam SEBA Board Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Ecological Geography: Subject Matter and Resource Question And Answer As Per New Syllabus. The Complete Syllabus of SEBA Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Ecological Geography: Subject Matter and Resource Solutions. SEBA Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Ecological Geography: Subject Matter and Resource Notes. Which you Can Download PDF CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Notes for using direct Download Link Given Below in This Post.

SEBA Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Ecological Geography: Subject Matter and Resource

Today’s We have Shared in This Post SEBA Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Ecological Geography: Subject Matter and Resource PDF Notes with you. SEBA Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Ecological Geography: Subject Matter and Resource Solutions I Hope, you Liked The information About The SEBA Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Ecological Geography: Subject Matter and Resource Question Answer. If you liked SEBA Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Textbook Solutions Then Please Do Share this Post With your Friends as Well.

Ecological Geography: Subject Matter and Resource

GEOGRAPHY

1. What is Economic Geography? What is its main subject matter? Mention the important branches of Economic Geography.

Ans: Economic Geography is a branch of Human Geography that studies human activities related to the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of resources in both spatial (place-based) and temporal (time-based) contexts. It examines how economic activities are influenced by the natural and man-made environments and how these activities vary from place to place on the earth’s surface.

Main Subject Matter of Economic Geography:

(a) Spatial distribution of resources: how natural resources like soil, water, minerals, forests, etc., are distributed across different regions.

(b) Human-environment interaction: how natural and man-made environments influence human economic activities.

(c) Regional economic activities: such as agriculture in fertile plains, fishing and trade in coastal areas, industries in mineral-rich regions, and livestock rearing in grasslands.

(d) Interdependence among regions: understanding how different places are economically connected due to varied resources and activities.

(e) Study of production, exchange, and consumption: focusing on how goods and services are created, transported, traded, and used globally.

Economic Geography helps us understand the geographical patterns of economic activities and the reasons behind the development of different regions in specific economic fields.

Branches of Economic Geography:

(a) Agricultural Geography

(b) Industrial Geography

(c) Geography of Resources

(d) Transport Geography

(e) Geography of Marketing

(f) Geography of Planning and Development

(g) Geography of Tourism

2. Write in brief about the scope of Economic Geography.

Ans: Economic geography is the study of how human economic activities are distributed across space and the factors and processes that influence this distribution. It explores not only where economic activities are located and their characteristics, but also how they relate to other phenomena, why they are located in particular places, and whether their location could be more efficient elsewhere. While traditional economic geography mainly focused on describing locations and activities, modern economic geography emphasizes analysis and problem-solving. According to George Chisholm, considered the father of modern economic geography, its core purpose is to understand the trends and directions of economic development in different regions. 

Other scholars like C.F. Jones and G.G. Darkenwald view it as the study of productive occupations and regional economic strengths in terms of production, trade, and commerce. The discipline considers the relationship between human economic activities and the environment. Human occupations are broadly classified into primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary activities, ranging from collecting natural resources to services like finance, administration, and research. Economic geography uses several approaches for its study, including regional, topical, behavioral, principles-based, system analysis, and institutional approaches. In the present era, the field has adopted modern tools such as quantitative methods, GIS, and models, making problem-solving a key part of applied economic geography. As human activities have diversified, various specialized branches of economic geography have also developed.

3. What do you mean by the economic activities of man? What are such economic activities?

Ans: Economic activities or occupations of human beings refer to the various tasks undertaken by people to earn their livelihood and sustain life on Earth. 

These activities are generally classified into four main categories:

(i) Primary Activities: These are activities through which people obtain essential resources directly from nature to meet basic needs like food, clothing, and shelter. Examples include agriculture, fishing, mining, and gathering forest products.

(ii) Secondary Activities: These involve the processing of raw materials obtained from primary activities into finished or semi-finished goods using tools, machines, or technology. Examples include manufacturing, industrial production, construction, etc.

(iii) Tertiary Activities: These are service-oriented activities that help in the distribution of goods produced by primary and secondary sectors. They act as a bridge between producers and consumers. Examples include transportation, communication, marketing, retail and wholesale trade, tourism, etc.

(iv) Quaternary Activities: These activities involve specialized knowledge, expertise, and intellectual skills. They contribute to decision-making, information processing, and knowledge sharing. Examples include education, research, administration, banking, financial services, and media.

4. Write briefly about the subject matter of the important branches of Economic Geography.

Ans: The subject matter of the important branches of economic geography includes:

(i) Agricultural Geography: It studies the factors influencing agriculture, types and distribution of agriculture, methods of cultivation, crop production theories, and the marketing, export, and import of agricultural products.

(ii) Industrial Geography: This branch examines factors for industrial location, types and distribution of industries, production processes, and the marketing and trade of industrial goods.

(iii) Geography of Resources: It focuses on various types of resources, their regional distribution, exploration and production, the role of resources in development, and their conservation and management.

(iv) Transport Geography: It covers transport systems, their role in resource distribution and human movement, and their impact on agriculture, industry, and overall economic development.

(v) Geography of Marketing: This branch analyzes the establishment and distribution of markets, types of markets, and related theoretical aspects.

(vi) Geography of Planning and Development: It deals with economic planning, development strategies, sustainable development, and regional as well as resource-based development processes.

(vii) Geography of Tourism: It studies tourism types, factors influencing tourism, and tourism development and planning processes.

5. Why ‘Resource Geography’ is known as an important branch of Economic Geography?

Ans: The economic development of a country is closely linked to both the quality and quantity of its available resources, as well as how effectively these resources are utilized. In this regard, the study of economic geography-including its various branches and sub-branches-is inherently connected to resource geography. Therefore, resource geography is regarded as a vital branch of economic geography, as it focuses on the distribution, availability, and efficient use of resources that drive economic progress.

6. What is meant by ‘Resource’? Mention its main characteristics.

Ans: A ‘Resource’ refers to all those materials that are essential for human living. For example, air, water, sunlight, soil, plants, fruits, and minerals found on the earth are all considered resources because they fulfill the basic needs of human beings like food, clothing, and shelter.

Main Characteristics of Resources:

(a) Functionality and Utility: A material becomes a resource only if it has a specific function and is useful to human beings.

(b) Interaction of Nature, Man, and Culture: Resources are created through the interaction between natural elements, human efforts, and cultural factors including science and technology.

(c)  Man as Consumer and Producer: Humans use natural resources (consumer) and also create new resources like machines, roads, buildings, etc. (producer).

(d) Transformation of Natural Materials: Most natural resources are modified by humans using their knowledge and skills to make them more suitable for use.

(e) Creation of New Resources: With the advancement of human knowledge and technology, new resources such as roads, schools, vehicles, and tools are created.

7. Resource is Dynamic’ – Explain.

Ans: One of the key characteristics of a resource is its dynamic nature. A commodity that may seem useless today can become valuable in the future, turning into a resource. Such items are known as neutral stuffs. For example, ocean water may not be of much use at present, but in the future, it may yield substances beneficial to humankind.

Conversely, some resources that are currently useful may lose their value if better and more efficient alternatives are discovered. For instance, mineral oil is a crucial resource today, playing a vital role in the economic development of countries. However, if a cheaper and more accessible alternative source of energy is discovered, mineral oil may lose its significance and become obsolete. This demonstrates that the utility of a resource is not permanent and can change over time.

Furthermore, substances that are harmful to humans are termed resistances. For example, the floodwater of the Damodar River once caused significant damage to life and property. But when this water was managed through the construction of check dams, it transformed into a valuable resource that supported agriculture and human settlement. Thus, even a resistance can be converted into a resource.

The utility and value of resources are not fixed. They change with time, technological advancement, and human needs. Therefore, resources are said to be dynamic in nature.

8. Briefly discuss the necessities of resources with examples.

Ans: Resources help humans in numerous ways and are essential for improving living conditions. Their availability fulfills not only the primary needs such as food, clothing, and shelter but also satisfies many other requirements that contribute to raising the overall standard of living. For instance, agricultural products like rice and wheat not only provide food but also serve as a means of livelihood. Moreover, no country can achieve progress without adequate resources, as industries, agriculture, commerce, and trade all depend on resources like minerals, agricultural crops, forest products, and human resources. Thus, the socio-economic development of a nation is closely linked to the availability and proper use of resources. In addition, human welfare is directly associated with resources, as they help fulfill various essential needs and support the overall progress of human society.

9. Write in brief about the relationship between resource and man.

Ans: The relationship between resource and man is interdependent. Natural resources like air, water, soil, plants, and minerals exist naturally on Earth. However, they become useful only when humans apply knowledge, skills, and technology to utilize them effectively. Humans transform natural resources into man-made resources, like paper from bamboo or cloth from cotton. Hence, man is considered the creator of resources. Through human resource development, even countries with limited natural resources, like Japan and Singapore, have achieved high levels of development. Thus, proper utilization of resources depends on human capability.

10. Briefly discuss the relationship between resource and science-technology.

Ans: Science and technology play a crucial role in the identification, utilization, conservation, and development of resources. 

Here’s a brief explanation of their relationship:

(a) Exploration of Alternative Resources: With the help of scientific research, new alternative resources like synthetic fibre, synthetic rubber, solar energy, etc., are discovered and developed to reduce pressure on natural resources.

(b) Recycling Techniques: Technology enables recycling of waste materials like plastic, paper, and metal, which helps in conserving raw materials and reduces environmental degradation.

(c) Innovation: Scientific innovation helps in converting natural raw materials into usable forms efficiently. For example, organic fertilizers are promoted over chemical ones to reduce negative environmental impact.

(d) Waste Control: Technological advancement provides means to reduce, reuse, and recycle waste, which helps in conserving resources during production processes.

(e) Education and Awareness: Science-based education creates awareness among people about the importance of conserving resources and using them judiciously.

(f)  Implementation of Laws: Technological tools help in the effective monitoring and implementation of resource conservation laws and policies

11. Write about classification of resources with examples.

Ans: 

Resources can be classified on the basis of various factors as follows:

1. On the Basis of Origin:

(a)  Natural Resources: Resources that are formed by nature and are found distributed over the earth. Examples: Water, air, sunlight, land, minerals, soil, plants, animals, rivers, etc.

(b) Man-made Resources: Resources that are created by humans using natural resources through science and technology. Examples: Paper (from bamboo), cloth (from cotton), synthetic fabric, synthetic rubber, medicines, fertilizers, etc.

(c) Human Resources: The population of a country capable of utilizing other resources efficiently and productively. It is the most valuable resource of any nation. Examples: Skilled workers, educated individuals, trained professionals, etc.

2. On the Basis of Physical Structure or Composition:

(a) Biotic Resources: Resources that possess life. Examples: Plants, animals, fishes, crops, etc.

(b) Abiotic Resources: Resources that do not have life. Examples: Soil, rocks, water, air, minerals, sand, etc.

3. On the Basis of Availability, Renewability or Durability:

(a) Renewable Resources: Resources that can be regenerated naturally and do not get exhausted with use. Examples: Sunshine, water, soil, forests (with sustainable use), etc.

(b) Non-renewable Resources: Resources that are finite in quantity and cannot be regenerated once exhausted. Examples: Coal, petroleum, natural gas, minerals, etc.

4. On the Basis of Ownership:

(a) Individual or Personal Resources: Resources owned and used by individuals.

Examples: Residential land, household items, personal skills, education, etc.

(b) National Resources: Resources owned and managed by a nation or state. Examples: Forests, minerals, rivers, roads, railways, public buildings, etc.

(c) International Resources: Resources that are beyond the jurisdiction of any one country and are shared by the international community. Examples: Oceans, seas, atmosphere, Antarctica, space, etc.

5. On the Basis of Distribution:

(a)  Ubiquitous Resources: Resources that are found everywhere on Earth. Examples: Air, sunlight, space, etc.

(b) Localized Resources: Resources that are found only in specific regions. Examples: Coal, petroleum, uranium, certain minerals, etc.

We Hope the given SEBA Class 10 Social Science Geography Question Answer will help you. If you Have any Regarding Assam SEBA Board Class 10 Social Science Geography Notes PDF download, drop a comment below and We will get back to you at the earliest.