SEBA Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 People on the Earth

SEBA Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 People on the Earth Solutions As Per New Edition Solutions Provided by The Roy Library. SEBA Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 People on the Earth Notes is made for SEBA English Medium Students. SEBA Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 People on the Earth Question Answer We ensure that You can completely trust this content. If you learn PDF Then you can Download Now PDF. I hope You Can learn Better Knowledge.

SEBA Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 People on the Earth

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People on the Earth

TEXTUAL QUESTION AND ANSWERS

1. Give a definition of human geography and mention its major branches? 

Ans: The division of Geography in which the study of man’s relation with natural environment and the resultant human environment created by man is done in spatio-temporal perspective is broadly termed as Human Geography. It is worth mentioning that the characteristics of the man-made environment are not same everywhere on the earth due to differences in natural environment, population size and human qualities. As a major division of the discipline Geography, the diversity of subject matter and scope of human geography have been remarkable. Among them settlement geography, social geography, economic geography, cultural geography, political geography, urban geography, population geography, medical geography, historical geography, geography of regional development and planning, etc. are worth mentioning.

2. Briefly write about the subject matter of human geography?

Ans: The study of all these branches is human-centric. Hence, it is highly important to study the growth and distribution of man on the earth including its diverse characteristics, activities, composition and physical structure. The way earth’s surface is characterised by physical differences, the same way the physical structure, religious-linguistic composition, behaviour and customs, economic activities, educational qualities, etc of above seven hundred crore people living on the earth are also highly diverse.

3. Write briefly, what do you mean by human race? 

Ans: Every human-being living on the earth is not physically same in appearance. But in respect of biological composition and many morphological characteristics all human beings are basically same. In fact, the cells constituting human body are the same for all human beings. It means biologically all human beings belong to a particular species called Homo sapiens. However, according to the anthropologists, man with different morphological characteristics could be seen on the earth from the beginning of the human origin due to prevalence of varying climate and other geographical conditions. The very concept of Human Race has been derived from such phenomena. Actually, the concept of ‘Human Race’ is biological – not cultural.

4. Write briefly the bases Or criteria of division of human race. 

Ans: In other words, people living on the earth have some basic inter-group differences in physical characteristics like skin colour and other special physical traits, viz. hair colour, height, structure of nose and face, etc. It is on the basis of such differences in physical characteristics the human beings on the earth have been broadly divided into three groups – 

(1) Caucasoid.

(2) Negroid. and 

(3) Mongoloid.

5. Discuss in brief the origin of human and human race? 

Ans: The origin of human-being and human race is still in somewhat mystery. According to the Evolution Theory of the biologists, it was during middle of the Pleistocene period (i.e. 5-6 lakh years ago) when the overall natural environment including climate was congenial, the animal humans called Homo sapiens were born as a result of the process of evolution in certain mammals like monkey, chimpanzee, gorilla, etc. The biologists and anthropologists opine that initially human-beings were born mainly in central part of Africa and got spread to the other parts of the world.

6. Divide man on the earth based on the physical  characters like hair, nose, face, heights, skin, etc. 

Ans: The human beings on the earth have been broadly divided into three groups – 

(i) Caucasoid.

(ii) Negroid. and 

(iii) Mongoloid.

7. Mention the characteristics of the thee major human races in the world.

Ans: (i) Caucasoid Race: Marked differences are seen among all the three major human races in respect of their body and hair structure, and hair colour. With more than half of the world’s population the Caucasoids constitute the world’s largest human race… The hair is generally straight or somewhat curly with black or brown colour… The nose is generally sharp and narrow.

(ii) Negroid Race: The people of the Negroid racial group largely live in the continent of Africa… These people mainly have dark or dark-brown body skin, curly hair and wide and blunt nose.

(iii) Mongoloid Race: The people of the Mongoloid racial group largely live in central and east Asia and South-east Asia. Most of these people have yellowish body skin, smaller eyes and straight hair.

8. Which region of the world is considered the first origin of man? With the help of sketch briefly write about the spread and distribution of major human races in the world?

Ans: It is very difficult to state exactly when and where human-being was first born on the earth. But according to the information of modern archaeology, human-being first appeared at least one lakh years ago in the eastern part of tropical Africa of the old world the process of spread mainly took place in north and north-east directions the people of central Asia of Mongoloid racial origin, while migrating towards east spread to north, central and South America the people of Caucasoid racial origin migrated from south-west Asia to spread to north and western Europe and north and east Africa; and from central Africa to south and east Africa and some part of south Asia.

9. What are the major religion? Discuss the silent characteristics and distribution of this religion group along with there population size?

Ans: Christian Religion: Two thousand years ago, centering around the Greek and Roman civilizations, the Christian religion was founded. As a believer of one God (Monotheistic Religion), Christianity got spread in due course throughout the world through missionary activities. In terms of adherents, the Christian is the largest religion in the world. This religion has two major divisions – Roman Catholic and Protestant. About one-third of the world’s population belongs to Christianity. According to 2006 estimated data, 213 crore Christian people lived in the world. The holy book of the Christian religion is Bible.

(i) Islam Religion: Almost 1400 years ago the Islam religion was founded in the desert region of the Middle-east. Besides the Middle-east, the spread and publicity of Islam religion had been carried out in Africa, South Asia, South-east Asia, etc. under the leadership of its founder Prophet Mohammed with missionary zeal. Like the Christianity, Islam religion is also based on one God (Monotheistic). The Shia and Sunni are the two major divisions of the Islam religion. Being world’s second largest religious group, its population is 135 crore according to the 2006 estimated data. It constitutes 21 per cent of the world’s total population. The holy book of the Islam is Quran.

(ii) Buddhist Religion: Around 2500 years ago Buddhist religion was founded with some reforms in Hinduism in the Bodh Gaya region of northern India under the leadership of Gautam Buddha. Like other religions, Buddhist religion also has two major divisions – Hinayana and Mahayana. About 6 per cent of the world’s population belong to Buddhist religion. According to the data of 2006, there are around 38 crore Buddhist people in the world. Being attracted by Buddhism, a new form of Hinduism, it got spread from India to the countries of Bhutan, China, Sri Lanka, South-East Asia, etc. Of course, about 40 crore people of China believe in the Chinese folk religion. The main holy book of Buddhism is Tripitika.

(iii) Hindu Religion: From the very ancient time, Hindu religion was practised in India. It is believed that from the early Vedic period Hindu religion first evolved. In fact, the Hindu religion is based on the belief system of many Gods and Goddesses. This religion is the carrier of various physical and mental ideas and cultural practices in India. The Aryans and Dravidians living in India also belong to the Hindu religion. According to the data of 2006, there are around 90 crore Hindu population in the world. It constitutes 14 per cent of the world’s total population. ‘The Ved’ is the main holy book of the Hindus.

10. Write in brief about religion compositions and distribution of population in India. 

Ans: India is a land of great religious diversity. People of many religions live together in harmony, and this diversity is an important feature of India’s population structure. The major religions of India are Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism. According to recent estimates, Hindus form the largest religious group, followed by Muslims.

Hindu population is found in all parts of the country, especially in northern, eastern, central and southern India. Muslims form the second largest group and are concentrated in Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Kerala, Jammu & Kashmir and parts of Maharashtra and Assam. Christians mainly live in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Goa, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland. Sikhs mostly live in Punjab and adjoining areas. Buddhists are found in Maharashtra, Ladakh and the Himalayan region, while Jains live mainly in Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra.

Thus, India shows a unique example of religious diversity, where different religious communities are spread across the country in varying proportions.

11. Write a short notes on:

(a) Men and human geography.

Ans: The division of Geography in which the study of man’s relation with natural environment and the resultant human environment created by man is done in spatio-temporal perspective is broadly termed as Human Geography.

(b) Human race.

Ans: The very concept of Human Race is biological – not cultural. Hence, a group of people having almost similar physical traits and skin colour and carrying breeds of similar characteristics from generation to generation through general reproduction process is broadly termed as ‘human race’.

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SEBA Class 9 Geography Textual [New Edition Updated]

SL. No.	CONTENTS
Chapter – 1	Weather and Climate
Chapter – 2	People on the Earth
Chapter – 3	Population Growth and Distribution
Chapter – 4	Human Settlement
Chapter – 5	Concept and Classification of Resources
Chapter – 6	Economic Activities or Occupation
Chapter – 7	Agriculture
Chapter – 8	Industry