SEBA Class 9 Geography Chapter 4 Human Settlement

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SEBA Class 9 Geography Chapter 4 Human Settlement

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Human Settlement

TEXTUAL QUESTION AND ANSWERS

1. What do you mean by human settlement? Discuss briefly about its origin and growth?

Ans: The place of permanent or temporary habitation created by man for his living is known as Human Settlement. After food, man requires shelter for safety and social life. In ancient times man lived a homeless life due to lack of permanent shelter. But with the gradual expansion of human knowledge and the domestication of plants and animals, man started settling permanently in places having favourable natural environments. The origin and growth of settlement depend on availability of water, soil, forest and mineral resources, and the advantages and disadvantages of the area. Thus, a permanent settlement is created through a long continued process of human habitation.

2. What is mean by settlement geography? Write briefly about it main subject matter. 

Ans: The branch of geography in which human settlements and their growth and the associated physical, cultural, and socio-economic factors are studied is called Settlement Geography. It is an important branch of Human Geography. Its subject matter includes settlement location, situation, shape, size, functional attributes, origin and growth of settlements, spatial spread, distribution, form and types, and regional variations of settlements.

3. Present the classification of human settlement with example?

Ans: Human settlements are broadly classified into two types:

(i) Rural Settlements: Example – agricultural villages.

(ii) Urban Settlements: Example – towns and cities.

On the basis of pattern, settlements also appear as rectangular, linear, triangular, clustered or dispersed forms.

4. What do you mean by rural and urban settlement? Write the characteristic difference between these settlements.

Ans: A rural settlement is generally associated with agricultural land and natural environment. The activities of the people are mostly dependent on nature. On the other hand, an urban settlement is man-made and highly diversified. It is mainly formed by residential areas, commercial and financial institutions, roads and various transport systems. Rural areas show low population density, low land value and limited socio-economic activities, whereas urban areas show high population density, high land value, multiplicity of economic activities and greater transport and communication facilities.

5. Mention the basic difference between dispersion and settlement and nuclear settlement.

Ans: In a dispersed settlement the houses are scattered far from each other over a wide area. In a nuclear settlement, the houses are grouped closely around a central location. Thus, dispersed settlement represents isolation of dwellings whereas nuclear settlement represents clustering of houses.

6. Write in brief about the different types of settlement under the category of nuclear settlement with examples and diagrams.

Ans: The important types of nuclear settlements are:

(i) Rectangular Settlement: Roads and streets intersect each other at right angles giving a rectangular pattern. Many planned cities such as Chandigarh and Gandhinagar belong to this type.

(ii) Linear Settlement: Houses grow along both sides of roads, railway lines, rivers, canals or narrow valleys. This is a noticeable type of settlement commonly found in river valleys and transport corridors.

(iii) Triangular Settlement: This type develops where three transport routes meet at a point forming a triangular shape.

7. Write briefly about the origin and growth of urban settlements.

Ans: Urban settlements originated in places having availability of water, fertile soil and other natural resources. Most ancient civilizations such as the Mesopotamian civilization on the banks of the Euphrates and Tigris, the Egyptian civilization on the Nile, the Indus civilization on the river Indus, and the Chinese civilization on the Hwang Ho grew on river banks. Later on, administrative needs, development of trade and commerce, and industrial activities contributed significantly to the growth and expansion of towns and cities.

8. Classify the urban settlement with examples according to function.

Ans: Urban settlements may be classified according to their dominant functions such as:

(i) Administrative towns – e.g., New Delhi

(ii) Industrial towns – e.g., Jamshedpur

(iii) Commercial towns – e.g., Mumbai

(iv) Cultural/Religious towns – e.g., Varanasi

(v) Educational towns – e.g., Shantiniketan

9. What do you mean by hierarchy of settlement? write about this with examples and diagrams? 

Ans: Hierarchy of settlement refers to the arrangement of settlements in an order based on their size, population, and functional importance. Smaller settlements form the lower level whereas larger settlements occupy higher levels.

Example:

Village → Town → City → Metropolis → Megalopolis

10. Write briefly about the land use pattern of rural and urban settlements.

Ans: In rural settlements, land is mainly used for agricultural land, grazing land, forests and water bodies. The landscape is more natural and the activities of inhabitants are highly dependent on nature. In urban settlements, land is used for residential areas, commercial and financial institutions, roads and transport systems, and specialized institutions. The urban landscape is man-made and highly diverse.

11. What do you mean by central business district? Mention its basic characteristics? 

Ans: The Central Business District (CBD) is the core or central part of a town where trade and commerce are highly concentrated.

Characteristics:

(i) High concentration of commercial establishments.

(ii) Presence of banks, offices, wholesale and retail centres.

(iii) Very high land value.

(iv) Limited land area with multi-storey and high-rise buildings.

(v) Heavy traffic and dense transport network.

12. Write briefly about the relationship between rural and urban settlement.

Ans: Rural and urban settlements are closely related to each other. Rural areas supply agricultural products, raw materials and labour to urban centres, while urban centres provide markets, transport, education, health services and various socio-economic opportunities. The region around a city often shows mixed characteristics forming a rural-urban transition zone.

13. Write short notes:

(a) Human settlement and settlement geography. 

Ans: Human settlement refers to places where people live either permanently or temporarily. Settlement Geography is the branch of geography that studies the growth, form, distribution and socio-economic characteristics of human settlements.

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SEBA Class 9 Geography Textual [New Edition Updated]

SL. No.	CONTENTS
Chapter – 1	Weather and Climate
Chapter – 2	People on the Earth
Chapter – 3	Population Growth and Distribution
Chapter – 4	Human Settlement
Chapter – 5	Concept and Classification of Resources
Chapter – 6	Economic Activities or Occupation
Chapter – 7	Agriculture
Chapter – 8	Industry