SEBA Class 9 Geography Chapter 1 Weather and Climate

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SEBA Class 9 Geography Chapter 1 Weather and Climate

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Weather and Climate

TEXTUAL QUESTION AND ANSWERS

1. What do you mean weather and climate? Distinguish between weather and climate. 

Ans: Weather means the atmospheric condition of a place for a short period of time.

Climate means the average condition of the atmosphere of a place for a long period of time (at least 30 years or more).

Difference between Weather and Climate:

Weather	Climate
Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions.	Climate refers to long-term average atmospheric conditions.
Weather changes within a short distance.	Climate refers to the atmospheric condition of a large area or region.

2. Mention the elements of weather and climate? 

Ans: The main elements of weather and climate are temperature, pressure, humidity, wind and precipitation.

3. State the main element of weather and climate. 

Ans: The main elements of weather and climate are temperature, pressure, humidity, wind and precipitation, as these create the weather and climate of a place.

4. Explain the relationship among temperature, pressure and humidity? 

Ans: Temperature affects the pressure of air. Warm air becomes light, goes up and creates low pressure. Cold air becomes heavy and creates high pressure. Warm air can hold more moisture, so humidity increases with temperature. Thus, temperature, pressure and humidity are closely related.

5. How are the variations in atmosphere pressure caused? 

Ans: Variations in atmospheric pressure are mainly caused due to:

(a) Temperature difference: Warm air has low pressure and cold air has high pressure.

(b) Surface elevation: Pressure decreases with increase in height above sea level.

6. Why does wind blow? 

Ans: Wind blows due to difference in pressure.

Air always moves from a high pressure region to low pressure region and this movement of air is called wind.

7. What is precipitation? Name the different types of precipitation.

Ans: Precipitation means the falling of moisture from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface.

The main types of precipitation are: Convectional rainfall, Orographic rainfall, Cyclonic rainfall, Latitudinal rainfall and Forest rainfall.

8. Mention the factors affecting weather and climate? 

Ans: The factors affecting weather and climate are: Latitude, elevation, nearness to sea, ocean currents, vegetation, wind, slope of land etc.

9. Explain with examples the factory of weather and climate.

Ans: Weather and climate depend on many factors such as:

(a) Latitude: temperature decreases from equator to poles.

(b) Elevation: temperature decreases with height.

(c) Nearness to sea: places near sea enjoy moderate climate.

(d) Vegetation: forest areas remain cool and humid.

(e) Wind: moisture-laden winds cause rainfall.

10. What are the types of climate?

Ans: The main types of climate are: Equatorial climate, Monsoon climate, Savanna climate, Hot desert climate, Temperate desert climate, Temperate humid climate, Mediterranean climate, Temperate grassland climate, Temperate maritime climate, Humid east-coast climate, Sub-polar (Taiga) climate, Tundra climate and Mountain climate.

11. State the various types of climate with suitable diagrams. 

Ans: The climatic types are:

(a) Equatorial.

(b) Monsoon.

(c) Savanna.

(d) Hot desert.

(e) Temperate desert.

(f) Mediterranean.

(g) Temperate humid.

(h) Temperate grassland.

(i) Temperate maritime.

(j) Humid east-coast.

(k) Sub-polar (Taiga).

(l) Tundra.

(m) Mountain climate.

12. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Relative humidity.

Ans: Relative humidity is the ratio between the amount of water vapour actually present in a definite volume of air at a definite temperature and the amount of water vapour required to saturate the same volume of air at the same temperature. It is expressed in percentage.

(b) Atmosphere pressure.

Ans: Atmospheric pressure means the force exerted by air per unit area. Air has mass and therefore it exerts pressure. The average atmospheric pressure at the sea level is 14.7 pounds per square inch or 1 kilogram per square centimetre.

(c) Pressure belts. 

Ans: Due to temperature variation on the earth’s surface, some permanent pressure belts have been formed such as:

(i) Equatorial Low Pressure Belt.

(ii) Sub-tropical High Pressure Belt.

(iii) Sub-polar Low Pressure Belt. and

(iv) Polar High Pressure Belt. 

(d) Types of rainfall.

Ans: Rainfall occurs in five main types:

(i) Convectional rainfall.

(ii) Orographic rainfall.

(iii) Cyclonic rainfall.

(iv) Latitudinal rainfall. and 

(v) Forest rainfall.

(e) Effect of latitudes on climate. 

Ans: The sun’s rays fall vertically on the equatorial region, so it is hot. Towards the poles the rays fall obliquely and temperature decreases. As a result, equatorial regions have hot climate, mid-latitudes have temperate climate and polar regions have cold climate.

(f) Effect of vegetation on climate.

Ans: Vegetation keeps the soil cool and moist. Places with dense vegetation experience less temperature variation and more humidity. But barren lands get heated quickly and remain dry, resulting in hot and dry climate.

(g) Monsoon climate.

Ans: Monsoon climate is characterised by seasonal reversal of winds. Moisture-laden monsoon winds blow during summer and cause heavy rainfall. This climate is found mainly in South-East and South Asia.

(h) Taiga type of climate.

Ans: This climate prevails in the sub-polar regions. It has long and severe winters and short summers. Coniferous forests such as pine, fir and spruce grow here.

(i) Meditation climate.

Ans: Mediterranean climate is characterised by dry summers and rainy winters. It occurs on the western margins of continents between 30° and 40° latitudes.

(J) Savanna climate.

Ans: Savanna climate prevails between the equatorial region and the tropical deserts. Rainfall ranges from 25 to 40 cm, mostly in late summer. Tall grasses grow abundantly in this region.

(k) Tundra climate.

Ans: Tundra climate occurs in the polar regions. Temperature remains very low throughout the year. Vegetation is limited to mosses and lichens.

(I) Mountain climate.

Ans: Mountain climate varies with elevation. Temperature decreases with height. Foothills experience equatorial climate, middle slopes temperate climate, and near the snow line Tundra type of climate prevails.

13. Answer the following question:

(a) How far does the atmosphere extend above from the earth surface? 

Ans: The atmosphere extends upto a height of about 10,000 km from the earth’s surface.

(b) What is lapse rate?

Ans: Lapse rate means the decrease of temperature at the rate of 6.5°C per kilometre increase in elevation.

(c) What is the average atmosphere pressure on the sea level? 

Ans: The atmospheric pressure at the sea level is 14.7 pounds per square inch of area on the average or 1 kilogram per square centimetre of area.

(d) What is humidity of air?

Ans: Humidity of air means the amount of water vapour contained in the air.

(e) What is mean by term ‘saturated air’? 

Ans: If a particular volume of air with particular temperature holds exactly the amount of water vapour it can hold at that temperature, then such air is called saturated air.

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SEBA Class 9 Geography Textual [New Edition Updated]

SL. No.	CONTENTS
Chapter – 1	Weather and Climate
Chapter – 2	People on the Earth
Chapter – 3	Population Growth and Distribution
Chapter – 4	Human Settlement
Chapter – 5	Concept and Classification of Resources
Chapter – 6	Economic Activities or Occupation
Chapter – 7	Agriculture
Chapter – 8	Industry