SEBA Class 9 Geography Chapter 3 Population Growth and Distribution

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SEBA Class 9 Geography Chapter 3 Population Growth and Distribution

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Population Growth and Distribution

TEXTUAL QUESTION AND ANSWERS

1. Write about the trend of population growth in the world? Why and during which period was the population growth rate high?

Ans: The world population has now reached the 7 billion mark… The population almost remained the same during the early period of human history. The population growth rate became quite high for the last few years (i.e. during the period 1950–2000). Hence, due to spatial variation in population growth rate, the distribution of population on the earth has also become very uneven.

2. What  is the estimate of world population? State the major reasons of spatial variation in population growth?

Ans: According to the United Nations announcement the world population reached the 700 crores mark on 31st October of 2011 depending upon the spatial variation in physical development, there has been marked variation in population growth rate between the developed and developing countries of the world… Such differences in population growth rates had also been observed at continent level; the growth rate was highest in central and south America.

3. Give a picture of regional variation in population growth in present time in the world?

Ans: The growth is found to be the highest in the world’s most populous continent Asia. On the other hand, the population of Asia increased from 520 million to 3680 million during the period 1750–2000. Europe is due to very low birth rate and out migration.

4. Write about population distribution in the world as rate the major factor of unevenness in the distribution?

Ans: Population distribution is influenced by many geographical factors. Among them, climate, topography, soil, power and mineral resources, transport system, socio-economic condition, etc are worth mentioning. It is thus clear that the distribution of world population is uneven due to differences in both physical and human environments.

5. Discuss with examples about the role of topography and climate in population distribution?

Ans: Climate the areas with extreme temperature and rainfall are not suitable for agriculture that is why the density of population is very negligible in the hot and dry desert areas like Sahara and the cold snow covered desert areas like Tundra On the other hand south and east Asia experience a highly developed agriculture and hence population density is also quite high.

The topographic differences between mountain and plain regions and the resultant variations in the population distribution pattern For example, rugged and undulating mountains are very thinly populated while plain regions like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal and Assam have high population density.

6. Stating the major densely populated regions of the world briefly discuss their geographical characteristics?

Ans: The major high population density regions of the world include favourable geographical location, availability of riverine and coastal plains, favourable climate, availability of mineral resources, favourable transport system, advancement in industry and trade, etc.

7. What are the major thinly populated regions of the world? What are the main reasons behind thin populated in those areas?

Ans: The regions of extreme cold, hot and dry condition like the cold Tundra region of North America and Europe; hot desert areas of Sahara, Kalahari, Gobi, Thar etc; the high rainfall equatorial forest region; and the high Himalayan, Rocky, Andes mountainous areas are very thinly populated.

8. What do you mean by human migration? What are its major types?

Ans: The phenomenon of movement of a person or a group of people to a new place by leaving their place of residence for a considerably long period of time is known as human migration. Human migration can be of different types depending on distance, time and reasons short term, long-term, seasonal or permanent International migration, Internal migration, Emigration, Immigration.

9. Write briefly why human migration take place? 

Ans: Human migration takes place because movement from one place to another brings changes in population composition. People migrate due to different economic, social, environmental and political factors. Thus, migration occurs in different ways because of several influencing factors.

10. State the push and pull factors of human migration?

Ans: Ans: Human migration refers to the movement of people from one place to another resulting in a change of residence. This movement takes place due to different factors, commonly known as push and pull factors.

Push Factors:

(i) Lack of employment opportunity, unfavourable economic condition.

(ii) Low rate of wage, low standard of living.

(iii) Increased pressure of population on limited resources, low agricultural production.

(iv) Political instability, lack of adequate safety and security of life and wealth.

(v) Unfavourable social environment, social inequalities.

(vi) Unfavourable physical condition, natural hazards.

(vii) Backward transport and communication systems.

Pull Factors:

(i) Availability of employment opportunities, favourable economic conditions, possibility of more developed economic conditions, increased demand of labour, urban and industrial development.

(ii) High rate of wage, high standard of living.

(iii) Low density of population and settlement, advanced medical facility and agricultural production.

(iv) Favourable and stable political environment and security system.

(v) Favourable social condition, freedom of intellectual thinking, developed academic environment.

(vi) Favourable physical environment, availability of fertile land.

(vii) Advanced and modern transport and communication systems.

11. What do you mean by International migration? Write briefly about the causes and consequences of the international migration with example. 

Ans: When migration takes place from one country to another, it is called International Migration. When people move out of a country, it is called Emigration, and when they enter a new country for settlement, it is called Immigration.

Causes of the international migration:

(i) Search for better economic opportunities

(ii) Political unrest

(iii) Educational and employment reasons

(iv) Natural disasters

Consequences of the international migration:

(i) Change in population composition

(ii) Increase in labour force in receiving countries

(iii) Loss of working population in sending countries

(iv) Cultural exchange between countries

12. Write short notes:

(a) Population explosion.

Ans: Population explosion means a very fast and sudden increase in population within a short period of time. In the early period of human history, the population of the world increased very slowly. But within only fifty years, i.e. from 1950 to 2000, the world population increased rapidly from 250 crores to 600 crores. This phenomenon is known as the world’s population explosion.

The main reasons behind this explosive growth are improvement in food supply, rise in the standard of living, and advancement in medical science which reduced the death rate. Due to these favourable conditions, the world population grew faster than ever before.

(b) Density of population.

Ans: Density of population means the number of persons living per square kilometre in a particular region. Population density refers to the number of persons per sq. km.

Areas with fertile soil, favourable climate, developed transport system and good resources such as riverine plains and coastal plains have high population density. On the other hand, regions with extreme climate, deserts, mountains and dense forests have very low density. Thus, population density helps us understand where people live more and where they live less.

(c) Internal migration.

Ans:Internal migration means the movement of people within a country. According to the chapter, internal migration can take place from one state to another, from one district to another, or even within the same district. This type of migration occurs due to reasons such as employment, education, better living conditions and natural calamities. Internal migration changes the population composition of both the place from where people leave and the place where they go. For example, rural to urban migration increases the population in cities and decreases it in villages.

(d) International migration.

Ans: International migration means migration from one country to another. When migration takes place from one country to another, then it is called international migration. When people leave their own country, it is called emigration, and when they enter another country for settlement, it is called immigration.

(e) Pull  factor of human migration.

Ans: Pull factors are those conditions that attract people towards a new place. According to the chapter, the major pull factors are favourable climate, availability of mineral resources, favourable transport system, advancement in industry and trade, etc. These factors offer better opportunities and living conditions. Places with developed industries, good transport and communication systems and economic growth attract large numbers of migrants.

(f) Push factors of human migration. 

Ans: Push factors are conditions that force people to leave their place of residence. The chapter mentions that the process of de-population takes place in the place from where migration takes place.

(g) Bangladesh India population migration. 

Ans: Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. The chapter states that Bangladesh occupies the top position in respect of population density and many people of Bangladesh migrate to India. Due to high pressure on land, scarcity of resources, unemployment and frequent natural calamities like floods and cyclones, many Bangladeshis move to neighbouring India. India offers better economic opportunities, safety and living conditions.

12. Choose the correct answer:

(a) In which year World has a population of about 1 billion?

(i) In 1950.

(ii) In 1808.

(iii) In1908.

(iv) In1008.

Ans: (ii) In 1808.

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SEBA Class 9 Geography Textual [New Edition Updated]

SL. No.	CONTENTS
Chapter – 1	Weather and Climate
Chapter – 2	People on the Earth
Chapter – 3	Population Growth and Distribution
Chapter – 4	Human Settlement
Chapter – 5	Concept and Classification of Resources
Chapter – 6	Economic Activities or Occupation
Chapter – 7	Agriculture
Chapter – 8	Industry