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Class 12 Education Chapter 3 Current Trends in Education
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Current Trends in Education
| A. QUESTIONS FOR 1 MARK EACH |
(a) Fill up the gaps:
1. Earth summit, 1992 was held in ____________ city.
Ans: Brazil.
2. The international environmental education conference was held at Belgrade (Yugoslavia) in ____________.
Ans: 1975.
3. The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment was held in 1972 at ____________.
Ans: Sweden Stockholm.
4. World population Day observed on ____________.
Ans: 11th July.
5. every year environment day celebrated on ____________.
Ans: 5th June.
6. The first intergovernmental conference on environment education held on____________ in ____________.
Ans: 1977 Russia, Thilise.
7. International women Day observed on ____________.
Ans: 8th march.
8. percent literacy rate in India is ____________.
Ans: 74.4%.
9. The percentage of the population of India is ____________.
Ans: 1,028 million.
10. ____________ is systematic way of discipline posture and body movements done especially as straining or to sustain for improved health.
Ans: Physical education.
11. Women’s Reservation Bill, ensuring ____________ % reservation to women in parliament and state legislative bodies.
Ans: 33%.
(b) Give Short Answer (preferably in one sentence):
12. Which year Stockholm conference was held?
Ans: 1972.
13. The word ‘Environment’ comes from a French word ____________.
Ans: The word ‘Environment’ comes from a French word Environ.
14. Environment is the aggregate of ____________ that influences the life of organisms.
Ans: Environment is the aggregate of Biotic and non biotic factors that influences the life of organisms.
15. Earth summit was held at ____________.
Ans: Earth summit was held at 1992.
16. Objectives of environmental Education were formulated in ____________ conference.
Ans: Objectives of environmental Education were formulated in Belgrade conference.
17. Environment is divided as physical, social and ____________ environment.
Ans: Environment is divided as physical, social and natural environment.
18. Tbilisi Inter-Governmental conference on environment education was held in ____________.
Ans: Tbilisi Inter-Governmental conference on environment education was held in 1977.
19. ____________ is a prerequisite of a sound mind.
Ans: Sound health is a prerequisite of a sound mind.
20. ____________ are general standard and higher order of norms.
Ans: values are general standard and higher order of norms.
21. Women education committee was format in ____________.
Ans: Women education committee was format in 1956.
22. Commission on status of women was appointed in ____________.
Ans: Commission on status of women was appointed in 1972.
23. To ’empower’ women literary speaking is to give ____________ to women.
Ans: To ’empower’ women literary speaking is to give equal status to women.
24. Stockholm Conference on Human Environment was organised in ____________.
Ans: Stockholm Conference on Human Environment was organised in 1972.
25. The Centre of Environmental Education in India was established in ____________.
Ans: The Centre of Environmental Education in India was established in Ahmedabad.
26. ____________ is a person’s idea of what he actually wants.
Ans: Value is a person’s idea of what he actually wants.
27. National committee on women education was appointed in ____________.
Ans: National committee on women education was appointed in 1958.
28. National policy for the empowerment of women was passed in ____________.
Ans: National policy for the empowerment of women was passed in 2001.
29. “Protection of women from domestic violence bill” was passed in India in ____________.
Ans: “Protection of women from domestic violence bill” was passed in India in 23rd June 2005.
30. The Government of India declared ____________ as the year of women’s Empowerment.
Ans: The Government of India declared 2001 as the year of women’s Empowerment.
31. Women’s reservation bill, ensuring ____________ % reservation to women in parliament and state legislative bodies.
Ans: Women’s reservation bill, ensuring 30% reservation to women in parliament and state legislative bodies.
32. The basic need of population education is to check ____________.
Ans: The basic need of population education is to check Population explosion.
(c) Write true or false:
33. Workshop on international environmental education was held at Belgrade in 1972.
Ans: false.
34. Earth summit at Rio-De-Janeiro in 1992.
Ans: true.
35. Environmental education is an interdisciplinary subject.
Ans: true.
36. Environmental education is not related with values.
Ans: false.
37. Sex education is a part of population education.
Ans: true.
38. Population education is meant for family planning.
Ans: true.
39. Population education is normative science.
Ans: false.
40. Population education acquaints students with demographic concepts.
Ans: true.
41. Physical education develops self confidence.
Ans: true.
42. Games are competitive in nature.
Ans: true.
43. Values are normative standard.
Ans: true.
44. Values are taught not caught.
Ans: true.
45. Women empowerment strengthen decision making power of women.
Ans: true.
46. Women empowerment gives authority/ autonomy to choose and to make self decisions.
Ans: true.
47. Stockholm conference on human environment formulates the guidelines for Environmental education.
Ans: true.
48. Objectives of environmental education were formulated in the Belgrade Conference.
Ans: true.
49. Environmental education should be a lifelong process.
Ans: true.
50. Environmental education aims at creating values.
Ans: false.
51. The study of population explosion and population education is an important aspect of environmental education.
Ans: true.
52. Environmental education makes us conscious about our cultural environment also.
Ans: false.
53. 6th July is observed as World Population Day.
Ans: false.
54. Physical education develops human personality in totality.
Ans: true.
55. Values are innate, not acquired.
Ans: false.
56. Values promote social efficiency among individual.
Ans: true.
57. Women empowerment helps women to overcome stigma to play non traditional rule in society.
Ans: true.
(d) Give Short Answer (preferably in one sentence)
58. Which year Stockholm conference was held?
Ans: Stockholm conference was held in 1869.
59. Which year ‘National Policy for the empowerment of women’ was adopted by the government of India?
Ans: ‘National policy for the empowerment of women’ was adopted by the government of India in 2001.
60. Which country is the most populous country of the world?
Ans: China is the most populous country of the world.
61. Write why environmental education is education about the environment?
Ans: Education through the environment, about the environment and for the environment is called Environmental education.
62. What is family planning?
Ans: The family planning programmes are mainly concerned with planning the size of the family.
63. What is sex education?
Ans: sex education has been defined as an educational programme, designed to provide the learners adequate and accurate knowledge of the biological, socio-cultural and moral dimensions of human sexuality.
64. What are sports?
Ans: Sports are like football, cricket, hockey etc.
65. Show your acquaintance with the derivative meaning of the world ‘environment’.
Ans: The word environment has been derived from the French word ‘environ’ or ‘environer’ which means ‘around’ or ‘to surround’ or ‘to encompass’ or ‘to in circle’.
66. What do you mean by exercise?
Ans: Exercise means that you develop the habit of taking regularly for the physical development of an individual.
| B. QUESTIONS FOR 2 MARK EACH |
1. What is Environment?
Ans: Procedings of the organisation of America State Conferance on Education and Environment in America, 1971 stated that “Environmental Education involves teaching about values, judgements and the abiity to think clearly about complex problems about the Environment-which are as political, economical and phylosophical as they are technical.”
2. What is Physical Education?
Ans: Physical education enables the child to have total physical growth and development to lead a happy and prosperous life. It not only helps in physical development but also helps in mental, social and emotional development of an individual.
3. Write two ways of imparting value education.
Ans: There are two distinct ways of imparting value education, such as:
(i) direct. and
(ii) indirect.
The systematic and deliberate instruction on values provided in the school time table is known as a direct way of important values. In some states moral education is imported in this manner. Here, values to inculcated are explained, discussed and illustrated stories, moral dilemmas and real life events. Indirectly value education can be imported through the regular co curricular activities.
4. What is population explosion?
Ans: population explosion is a world phenomenon. India accounts for about 15% of the world’s total population. The first fairly reliable estimate of the world’s population was made in 1950 i.e. according to that estimate the population was about 500 millions. The growth of population during 1971-81 was bigger than the total population of Brazil, which is the 6th most populous country in the world. However, both China and India are making tremendous efforts to control it.
India presents a peculiar challenge because of each man land ratio. Relatively stable and high birth rate, consistently declining death rate and wide regional disparities. Thus, India’s are perhaps one of the worst affected countries fallen victim to the colossal dragon of ‘population explosion’. Since independence, India has made tremendous progress in the field of economic and social development, yet all the developmental efforts are swallowed up by the number added to her population. If India, with her limited resources, does not start playing serious attention, to the galloping rate of population growth, her economic and social structure may soon get upset and human population in the third world is destined to suffer.
5. What is population education?
Ans: (i) In the South-East Asia regional workship, held in Berkak (i 1970, UNESCO) declared. “Population Education is an educationa programme which provide for a study of the population, situation of th family, coummunity, nation and world, with the purpose of developing i the students rational and responsible attitudes and behaviour towards tha situation.”
(ii) According to Gopal Rao, “Population education may de defined a an educational programme which provides for a study of the population phenomenon so as to enable the students to take rational decisions toward problems arising out of rapid population growth.
6. What is value education?
Ans: Education for human values or value education refers to the educational programme which is geared to the realizations of the society as envisaged in its constitution for the good of the society and the individual It covers all aspects of the personality development aesthetic, intellectual moral, social and spiritual.
7. Define Environmental Education.
Ans: (a) According to Mishra: “Environmental education appears to be a process that equips human beings with awareness, knowledge, skills attitudes and commitment to improve environment.”
(b) According to UNESCO: “Environmental education is a way of implementing the goals of environmental protection. It is not a separat branch of science or field of study. It should be carried out according to the principles of life long integral education.”
(c) According to R. A. Sharma: “Environmental education refers to the awareness of physical and cultural environment and perceive its relevances for real life situation. The problems and issues are to be identified. The imbalances of environment are to be improved in view of sustainable development.”
8. What is cultural Environment?
Ans: Cultural environment is part and percel of social environment. Folk songs and other kinds of folk lore are a part of the cultural environment. It gives importance on growth and development of the individual.
9. Which day is observed as world population Day?
Ans: 11 July.
10. Which day is observed as world Environmental Day?
Ans: 5th Jun.
11. Who introduced the concept population Education?
Ans: Prof. Noel David Burleson.
12. What is value?
Ans: A value is a belief that something is good and worthwhile. It defines what is worth having and worth striving for.
13. What is women empowerment?
Ans: Women empowerment means equal status to women, opportunity and freedom to develop one self.
14. Which year “Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Bill” was passed?
Ans: 23 Jun 2005.
15. Give a definition of environment?
Ans: Environment is anything immidiately surrounding an object and exerting a direct influence on it.
16. Describe Environmental Education as a problem solving approach.
Ans: Environmental education is the first and foremost step in saving the environment from further deterioration. As such, the real task of the day is to make the people aware, create interest and environment in them to provide basic knowledge man nature interaction and its effect to adopt the recommended measure for maintaining the ecological balance.
17. Define population education.
Ans: Population education may be defined as an educational programme which provides for a study of the population phenomenon. So as to enable the students to take rational decisions towards problems arising out of rapid population growth.
18. Define Physical education.
Ans: Physical education primarily means understanding, applying and analyzing movement concepts and principles to improve.
19. How Physical education may help in developing self confidence among students.
Ans: In dulging in physical activities like sports leads to a bads to a major boost in self confidence and positive attitude. Participation in sports, martial arts or even dance and aerbics is always a positive influence on an individuals overall personality. There we can say physical education help in developing self confidence among students.
20. Mention two important issues of women empowerment.
Ans: Low femal literacy
Social condition-Like women right violation.
21. Distinguish between sports and games.
Ans: Sports and games like physical education aim at promoting good health in students. Sports are outdoor games. On the otherhand games are indoor as well as outdoor also. Sports such as hockey, volleyball, football, run etc. are sports. On the otherhand loddo, carrom, badminton etc. are games.
22. Write a brief note on ‘Rio-De-Janeiro Earth Summit’.
Ans: The very significant conclusion of the Brundland Report were extensively discussed and a debate in the United Nations (1989) led to the U.N. conference on Environment and Development, popularly known as the ‘Earth Summit’ at Rio-de-Janerio, Brazil in June, 1992. At this conference, a comprehensive and far reaching programme for sustainable development was agreed upon in the form of Agenda 21 comprising of 38 chapters. The Earth Summit convened a record number of heads of state and Government, a total of 103. The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development is a set of principles to govern the economic and environmental behaviour of individuals and nations in quest for global sustainability.
23. Discuss about sustainable development as an important aspect of environmental education.
Ans: The role of education for sustainable development is important. Because education and training appear as determinant factors for increasing creativity and rationality problem solving and decision making. Sustainable development means the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
24: ‘Physical Education promotes healthy life-style.’ Explain.
Ans: Physical education aims at promoting good health in students. The pupils perform a number of physical activities and play games, they develop good health. In the words of J.B. Nash, “Health and recreation are results while physical education activities are means.”
25. Write the name of two committees related with women empowerment in India.
Ans: (i) Durgabai Desmukh Committee of 1959.
(ii) Smti Hansa Mehta Committee of 1962.
| C. QUESTIONS FOR 3 MARK EACH |
1. What are the components of environment?
Ans: Environment can be divided into three parts.
Those are:
(i) Natural Environment: It includes air, water, tree, forests, rivers. plants etc.
(ii) Social Environment: It includes all the socio-economic influence affecting mankind as population growth, employment, culture etc.
(iii) Man made Environment: It include village, city, institutions, industries, roads, buildings, agriculture, transport etc.
2. What are social values?
Ans: Valuc education is related to the ‘good’ of every individual. This education helps in the realisation of the vision of the society.
There are certain values which helps in the promotion of society to bring Dorials efficiency are termed as social values. it can be imparted directly or indirectly through family, school, peer group, community, media and general ethics of the society.
3. What are values? Define.
Ans: A value is what is desired or what is sought. Values are certain guiding principles of life that help in the physical, mental and social development of the individual. They are in tune with ones culture.
4. What is women empowerment?
Ans: Women empowerment emphasizes the importance of increasing their power and taking control over decisions and issues that shape their lives.
Women’s empowernment addresses power and relationships in society intertwined with gender, class, race, ethnicity, age, culture and history. Power is identified with equity and equality for women and men in access ho resources, participation in decision-making and control over distribution of resources and benefits.
5. Mention three important areas covered within the scope of Environmental Education.
Ans: Population Exploitation and its impact upon environment. Environmental awareness.
Standard of living and Health condition and effect of environment on it.
6. Explain the meaning of environmental awareness.
Ans: The meaning of Environmental awareness is to help the social groups and individuals acquire an awarencess of and sensitivity to the total environment and its allied problems.
7. Should population education be imparted in schools? Why?
Ans: Yes, population education. Should be imparted in school. Population education should start from the early classes and should continue in the secondary and higher secondary stages. Thus population education should be continuous process. It is desirable that small children even in the primary classes should be made conscious about the searcity of means, and the vastness of demands. As the later stages, the idea may be developed and more details may be furnished, so that the students may accept this education in a natural manner.
8. Discuss the relationship between education and women empowerment.
Ans: Women empowerment emphasizes the impartance of increasing their power and taking contral and over decisions and issues that shape their lives. Education, in this context is an important tool. Through providing proper education illitaracy can be removed among the women folk. Education works as an agent in bringing changes in the status of women education make aware regarding their constitutional and legal rights both in work and social life. For inculating the values of gender equality and gender justice education plays a vital role. So education and women empowerment have good relationship.
| D. QUESTIONS FOR 4 MARK EACH |
1. How Environmental Education can be imparted in an educational institution?
Ans: Principles which an educational institution follow providing environmental education are:
(i) Environmental education helps in programing learning experiences from simple to complex. For e.g. children look at a bird, see it eating figs or insects or watch it flying. All this gives them some awareness of the eating and flying habits of birds.
(ii) Environmental education helps children to proceed from indefinite ideas to definite ones. An infant for e.g. is not able to distinguish between coloures, but as it grows, it learns to discriminate among different shades.
(iii) Environmental education helps children to proceed from concrete to abstract. Since environment, is full of concrete things which children may examine and classify and interpret and then draw their own conclusions and inferences about them.
(iv) Environmental education has social relevance – relevance to mens interaction with his physical and social environment, its relevance to changing human attitudes which cause man to hate man and beget hatred on one or the other ground namely caste, creed, colour and religion etc.
2. Why is population education needed?
Ans: Need of Population Education:
(i) Population education helps in removing blind beliefs that exist in the minds of people. For the maintenance of quality like this education is very essential.
(ii) Population education is essential for improving the quality of general education.
(iii) Population education studies on the problems arising from population explosion and the measures to cope with them.
(iv) Population education helps in establishing equality of sexes by helping women to acquire their rightful status and become equal to their made counterparts.
(v) It is essential for creating a responsible citizen.
3. Does modern physical education differ from the ancient period? How?
Ans: It is said that physical education should be included in the first ten years of school education. For the proper development of body, mind and spirit, health and physical Education including games and sports should be included in both the causes and end evaluation of performance of the students.
At the upper primary stage, exercises, gymnastics, athletics, judo, yoga, drill, scouting and guiding etc, should be introduced. These options should be made available subject to the facilities available and the learners performance. In health education, prohibition should be made for creation among learners and awareness related to common health problems, safety measures, nutritional problems, first aid, sanitation and pollution.
At the high school stage, athletics, gymnastics, yoga, meditation, swimming etc to be included in the course of physical education camping and various team games and competitions should be introduced in both upper primary and high school stages. NCC, guiding, scouting, social service should be added to the compulsory programmes of physical education. In health education stress should be given on maintenance of proper health, impact of environmental pollution on health, food and nutrition, control and prevention of diseases and so on.
4. What are the principles of Environmental Education?
Ans: The objectives of environmental education are:
(i) Acquire basic understanding of the interrelationship of components and factors of the environment and the processes that occur in it.
(ii) Develop desirable values and attitudes, especial concern and responsibility towards the conservation and enhancement-of the environment.
(iii) Acquire and refine skills in identifying, assessing and solving environmental problems.
(iv) Develop a sense of urgency in responding to environmental issues and problems and taking actions towards their solution.
5. Why women empowerment essential?
Ans: (i) Women are generally found to be economically weak in our country. Only an insignificant number of women that too in the urban areas, are economically dependent on men and this fact has made them weaker. They require economic independence to be on par with men.
(ii) Most of the underdeveloped and developing countries, women are found to be less literate than men and this has forced them to become dependent and subordinate to men. According to the 2001 census, rate of literacy among men in India is 76% whereas it is only 64% among women. The rate of school-dropouts is also found to be comparatively higher in case of women. Lack of education is the main cause of their exploitation and negligence. Only literacy can help them to understand the constitutional and legislative provisions that are made to strengthen them.
6. Environmental Education is education from environment, education about environment, education for environment, Discuss.
Ans: Today it is becoming increasingly important to combat the danger inherent in the growing deterioration of our environment pollution of air, water in soils, psychological, and mental aberrations resulting from the mechanizations of life, the artificial and violet stimuli as noise, depletion of nonrenewable resources, increasing contents of chemicals in human and animal food and their lethal effects, deterioration of natural conditions and ecological balance and the life activities detrimental to natural environment.
Environmental education is the first and foremost step in saving the environment from further deterioration. As such the real task of the day is to make the people aware, create interest and involvement in them to provide basic knowledge about man nature interaction and its effect to adopt recommended measures for maintaining the ecological balance. No programme of rational environmental management can be successful until and unless the common people are familiar with the theory, principal and practical methods of safeguarding and using rationally the National resources and improving man’s environmental conditions. Hence, EE here’s most important rule to play in solving the major problems of environmental deterioration and of nature conservation.
Essentially interdisciplinary approach and is exprossive of appreciations of interrelatedness of social, cultural, political, economic and technological awareness in man with the geological, atmosphere and biological system of nature. However it is desirable to have a conscious learning of this relatedness at all stages of formal education. Thus the traditional faculties of a university have it grouped together in a school system for important environmental education. It has to be an interfaculty or a super faculty programme.
7. Describe different modes for providing physical education school.
Ans: It is said that physical education should be included in the first ten years of school education. For the proper development of body, mind and spirit, physical education including games and sports should be included in both the causes and evaluation of performance of the students.
At the upper primary stage exercise, gymnastics, jado, yoga, drill, scouting and guiding etc. Should be introduced. These options should be made available subject to the facilities available and the learners performance. In health education.
Provision should be made for creation among learners of an unawareness related to common health problems, safety measure nutritional problems, first aid, sanitation and pollution.
At the high school level, athletics, gymnastics, yoga, meditation, swimming, etc, are to be included in the course of physical education camping and various team games and competitions should be introduced in both upper primary and high school stages. NCC guiding, scouting, social service should be added to the compulsory programmes of physical education. In health education stress should be given on maintenance of proper health, impact of environmental pollution on health, food and nutrition, control and prevention of diseases and so on.
8. Point out the characteristics of Environmental Education.
Ans: The characteristics of environmental education are as follows:
(a) Environmental education should be continuous and never ending process.
(b) Environmental education should be a life long process from birth to till the last moment of death.
(c) It should pay special attention on the complexity of environmental problems.
(d) It should have social relevance.
9. What are the objectives of Environmental Education?
Ans: The objectives of environmental education are as under:
(a) To awaken the world population with environment and the related problems.
(b) To help in the development of awakening and sensitiveness to wards environment and its related problems.
(c) To help the individual to understand the natural relationship between man and environment.
(d) To create feeling of responsibility among to individuals towards environment.
10. What are the objectives of women empowerment?
Ans: The objectives of women empowerment are as follows:
(a) Physical, mental, spiritual, moral, intellectual, social, political development of women.
(b) To develop and expose the hidden talent of women.
(c) To develops cultural ability of women.
(d) To improve the social status of women.
11. Describe different elements of environment.
Ans: Different elements of environment are:
(i) Physical elements such as land, air and water.
(ii) Biological elements such as plants and animals.
(iii) Social elements such as population, social system, social relations, urbanisation, social change etc.
(iv) Cultural elements such as political, economic, social, moral values of life, religion etc.
(v) Energy elements such as solar energy, geo-thermal energy etc.
12. Explain the relationship between education and environment.
Ans: It can be said that education is a process as well as a product. As a process, education can be considered as a life long process where the modification of behaviour of an individual is a result of the interaction with the environment constituted learning. As a product education helps an individual to acquire knowledge, skills, attitudes etc. which are the product of group life. Education becomes a product when it is used as an assimilation of the culture of any society, and its transmission from one generation to another.
13. Discuss about the role of co-curricular activities in imparting environmental education among students.
Ans: The co-curricular activities played an important role in Environmental Education. The teaching strategies of Environmental Education can be used to provide awareness, developing skills and attitudes towards the environment but active participation in problem solving and protection and conservation of environment is equally important area of environmental education. Various co-curricular activities can be organised as the most important and appropriate means for providing such opportunities to the students.
The co-curricular activities can be organised through various programmes:
(i) To clean the environment in and outside the school through NSS camps.
(ii) To grow plants and develop garden for the protection of the environment.
(iii) To clean the public places, park etc.
(iv) To construct roads in the village areas by organising NSS camps, scout and guide camps etc.
(v) To help the villagers to dig pits for waste management and also to teach them how the bio-degradable and non-degradable waste should be managed.
14. What is the role of a teacher in imparting environmental education in educational institutions?
Ans: The teacher can play an important role in implementing the programmes and realising the objectives of environmental education as well as organise various co-curricular activities in the school and out-side the school. Teacher should possess the abilities of organising effectively the curricular and co-curricular activities.
In this context the Education Commission and National Education Policy 1986 recommended two main educational programmes –
(a) National Social Service Scheme (NSS).
(b) Socially Useful Productive Work (SUPW).
15. Discuss about four important aspects in the areas of environmental education.
Ans: Four important aspects in the area of environmental education are as follows:
(i) Population explosion and its impact on environment.
(ii) Problem of environmental pollution and its preventive measures.
(iii) Environmental degradation and measures for controlling, development and protection of environmental degradation.
(iv) Formation of man’s attitudes and values towards environmental protection and intimate love for the environment.
16. Discuss about the role of physical education in developing self-confidence and inculcating team spirit.
Ans: Physical education helps to develop qualities like self confidence, mental alertness, self control, courage, resourcefulness etc. Physical activities including play, make us feel active and alert. The pupils play and perform activities according to certain rules. Introduction of physical education in the primary and high school stage helps call developing team spirit, attitude of leadership, obedience, cooperation, sympathy, integrity etc. Of students along with physical, mental, spiritual and social development. Physical education also helps in the formation of students character and personality.
17. Elucidate the status of women in Indian society.
Ans: The best creation of God on the Earth is man and woman. The selective moments presented to man and woman by the creator is equal rights to both. Therefore there must be equal partnership between men and women and respect for human dignity must permeate all activities. Swami Vivekananda had said, “As a bird cannot fly on one wing, no society can make progress useless its women too join men in all activities. This statement has rightly made clear the importance or women in our society. Jawaharlal Nehru had stated long back that “educating a man is educating a family”. Education improves woman’s status within the family and also equips them to play any role in the wider context. The mother is called the first teacher of the child. The mother is the key to the quality of the next generation. This shows that education of woman is of paramount importance for the progress of society. According to 2011 census report total literacy rate of India is 74.04%, where women literacy rate is 65.46% and men is 82.14%. The government of India adopted a national policy of education for women empowerment such as:
(i) To preserve 33% seats for women.
(ii) Establishing ‘Women Bank’ women should be engaged in all types of activities.
18. How population education help the learners?
Ans: Population education help the learners are as follows:
(i) It help the learners to create awareness about the impact of rapid growth of population on socio-economic condition, on social life, on human and environment.
(ii) It is essential for creating a responsible citizen to the learners.
(iii) It helps in removing the superstition and beliefs from the minds of people.
(iv) It also helps the learners for maintaining quality and standard of life.
| E. QUESTIONS FOR 5 MARK EACH |
1. Discuss about the objectives of Environmental Education.
Ans: The environmental education aims at developing in the child an awareness and understanding of the physical and social environment in its totality. Fortunately, environmental education has been introduced in the curriculum from an early stage in our country. Kothari Commission, (1966) recommends – ‘Environmental activities will lead to study of natural sciences, physical sciences, geography, history and civics; construction and creative skills will provide the basis for the practice of simple arts and crafts and practice of healthy living will serve as the foundation for environmental education.’
A number of objectives of environmental education have been formulated for both formal and non-formal education at all levels at the International Conference of UNESCO (1997) held at Tbilisi.
These are as follows:
(a) To develop an awareness of environmental and sensitivity (feeling and attitudes) to the total environment and its allied problems.
(b) To help in acquiring knowledge and variety of experiences of the environment and associated problems.
(c) To develop a basic understanding of structure, processes and problems of environmental components.
(d) To help in acquiring skills for identifying and solving environment problems.
(e) To develop attitudes, a set of values and feelings of concern for the environment and encouragement or motivation for active participation in protection and improvement of environment.
(f) To provide an opportunity for an active-participation or practice at all levels in working for the solution of environmental problems. and
(g) To develop an ability for evaluating environmental components and educational programmes in terms of ecological, economic, social, cultural aesthetic and educational factors.
The above objectives are related to all levels and both formal and non- formal system of education.
2. What are the importances of Environmental Education?
Ans: It is interesting to note that the complex association of man with nature changes geographically and evolutionary, exposes man to varied environmental influences in the course of history. Today it is becoming increasingly important to combat the danger inherent in the growing deterioration of our environment pollution of air, water and soils, physiological and mental aberrations resulting from the mechanizations of life; the artificial and violet stimuli as noise; depletion of unrenewable resources; increasing contents of chemicals in human and animal food and their lethal effects; deterioration of natural conditions and ecological balance and the life activities, detrimental to natural environment.
Environmental education is the first and foremost step in saving the environment from further deterioration. As such, the real task of the day is to make the people aware, create interest and involvement in them to provide basic knowledge about man-nature interaction and its effects to adopt the recommended measure for maintaining the ecological balance. No programme of rational environmental management can be successful cop until and unless the common people are familiar with the theory, principles Spe and practical methods of safeguarding and using rationally the national resources and improving man’s environmental conditions. Hence, EE has most important role to play in solving the major problems of environmental deterioration and of nature conservation.
EE is essentially interdisciplinary approach and is expressive of appreciations of interrelatedness of social, cultural, political, economic and technological awareness in man with the geological, atmosphere and biological systems of nature. However, it is desirable to have a conscious learning of this relatedness at all stages of formal education. Thus, the traditional faculties of a university have it grouped together in a school system for importing the environmental education. It has to be an interfaculty or a superfaculty programme.
3. what areas are covered within the scope of environmental education.
Ans: The scope of environmental education is so wide that it covers various aspects of nature, ecological, cultural, technologies, economical, legal, educational and commercial.
(i) A lot of teaching learning can be carried out through the environment. Natural environments like flowers, insects, breeze, birds and many other historical, cultural and social places fascinate man day in and day out. Instead of teaching the topic in the classroom, children can be taught through the environment.
(ii) Man has to tackle his Environment everyday for his survival, sustenance and prosperity. He can not escape it under any circumstances, right from birth to death. He is born in a family and is brought up by the family which is a primary group for him. After infancy, he attains the stage of childhood adolescence, adulthood. It is therefore, in one’s own interest that one should learn about the environment, more so the immediate one. It is very necessary to know about several other features of the natural environment which affect man’s health and hygiene.
Scope of environmental education may be highlighted as follows:
Scope:
(i) Effect of science and technology.
(ii) Population Explosion.
(iii) problems of pollution.
(iv) Environmental degradation.
(v) Depletion of environmental resources.
4. Mention the characteristics of the environment.
Ans: The review of the definitions of environmental education indicates the following main characteristics:
(i) It is a process of recognising the interrelatedness among man, his cultural and biological surroundings.
(ii) It appears to be a process that equips human beings with awareness, skills, attitudes, values and commitment to improve the environment.
(iii) It refers to the knowledge and understanding of the physical, biological, cultural and psychological environment and to perceive its relevance for real life situations.
(iv) It identifies the imbalances of the environment and tries to improve it in view of sustainable development.
(v) It entails practice in decision making and self formation of a cade of behaviour about problems and issues concerning Environmental quality.
(vi) It develops skills, attitudes, feelings and values needed to play a productive role in improving life and values.
5. Why Physical Education is important in school?
Ans: The importance of physical education are:
(i) Physical education is helpful in developing the alertness of mind, because alertness and concentration are essential in various programmes of physical education such as wrestling, kabaddi, cricket etc. One becomes alert by participating in the activities of physical education.
(ii) Physical education is a good source of knowledge about health, its hazards and diseases.
(iii) Physical education plays a vital role in the enhancement of national integration. Games and sports provide sample opportunities to work together, which ultimately enhance national integration.
(iv) Proper utilisation of leisure time can be made possible with the help of physical activities stress and tension can be avoided by participating in physical activities including recreational activities.
(v) Physical education helps in developing good relation among human beings. Qualities like co operation, sympathy, coverty etc are developed through it.
(vi) Physical education helps in promoting emotional development. Aggressiveness, stress, tension can be controlled through physical activities. It provides a number of opportunities to enhance the power of tolerance.
6. What are the objectives of Physical Education?
Ans: The main objectives of physical education are:
(i) Development of neuro-muscular coordination.
(ii) Development of leadership qualities.
(iii) Development of ability to control stress and strain in day-to-day life.
(iv) Development of self-control and fearlessness.
(v) Development of qualities like discipline, dedication and devotion.
(vi) To develop work efficiency.
(vii) To develop a healthy outlook of life.
7. How Physical Education can be imparted in school?
Ans: It is said that physical education should be included in the first ten years of school education. For the proper development of body, mind and spirit, health and physical education including games and sports should be included in both the causes and evaluation of performance of the students.
At the upper primary stage, exercises, gymnastics, atheletics, judo, yoga, drill, scouting and guiding etc, should be introduced. These options should be made available subject to the facilities available and the learners performance. In health education, provision should be made for creation among learners an awareness related to common health problems, safety measure nutritional problems, first aid, sanitation and pollution.
At the high school stage, athletics, gymnastics, yoga, meditation, swimming etc are to be included in the course of physical education camping and various team games and competions should be introduced in both upper primary and high school stage. NCC, guiding, scouting, social service should be added to the compulsory programmes of physical education. In health education stress should be given on maintance of proper health, impact of environmental pollution on health, food and nutrition, control and prevention of diseases and so on.
8. Discuss about the importance of value education in present society.
Ans: Need and importance of value education can be highlighted – as follows:
(i) It can develop a healthy and balanced personality.
(ii) It develops vocational efficiency.
(iii) It helps in the development of character and morality of children.
(iv) Enables the child to adjust to his environment.
(v) It promotes social efficiency.
(vi) Inculcate ideas about national integration.
(vii) Develops cultural values.
(viii) Helps the child in passing his leisure time properly.
9. What measures we can take for imparting value education in school?
Ans: There are two distinct ways of importing value education, such as:
(i) Direct. and
(ii) Indirect.
The systematic and deliberate instruction on values provided in school time table is known as direct way of important values. In some states moral education is imported in this manner. Here, values to be inculcated are explained, discussed and illustrated through stories, moral dilemous and real life events. Indirectly value education can be imported through the regular co-curricular activities.
10. Mention the objectives of women empowerment.
Ans: The objectives of women empowerment are the following:
(i) To enhance self respect and self confidence in women.
(ii) Build a positive image of women by reorganizing their contribution to the society, polity and economy.
(iii) To develop in them an ability to think critically.
(iv) Foster decision making and action through collective process.
(v) To enable them to make informed choices in areas like education, employement and health.
(vi) Ensure equal participation in developmental process.
11. Discuss about the role of education in women empowerment.
Ans: Women empowerment emphasizes the importance of increasing their power and taking control over decisions and issues that shape their lives.
Women’s empowernment addresses power and relationships in society intertwined with gender, class, race, ethnicity, age, culture and history. Power is identified with equity and equality for women and men in access to resources, participation in decision-making and control over distribution of resources and benefits.
Education for women empowerment:
(i) Every girl should get free and compulsory primary education.
(ii) Removal of illiteracy among women folk.
(iii) Encouraging girls for all kinds of vocational, technical and professional education as per their needs, interest and attitudes.
(iv) Inculating the values of gender equality and gender justice through education should get priority in the educational system.
(v) To use education as an agent of basic change in the status of women.
(vi) Women should be made aware of their constitutional and legal rights both in the work and social life.
(vii) Value based education for women should be emphasised to bring self confidence among them.
12. Discuss about the status of women in Indian society.
Ans: (i) Women are generally found to be economically weak in our country. Only an insignificant number of women that too in the urban areas, are economically dependent on men and this fact has made them weaker. They require economic independence to be on par with men.
(ii) Most of the underdeveloped and developing countries, women are found to be less literate than men and this has forced them to become dependent and subordinate to men. According to the 2001 census, rate of literacy among men in India is 76% whereas it is only 64% among women. The rate of school-dropouts is also found to be comparatively higher in case of women. Lack of education is the main cause of their exploitation and negligence. Only literacy can help them to understand the constitutional and legislative provisions that are made to strengthen them.
(iii) According to Gangrade. “Women’s empowerment mean. “equal status to woman, opportunity and freedom to develop one-self.” Gandhiji’s idea u. women’s empowerment was ‘Sarvodaya’ the welfare of all through cooperation and trusteeship in the economic sphere, equal participation in the political sphere, and mutual and in the social sphere without regard to cast or class or gender.
(iv) Kiran Devendra said that “Empowerment of women would mean equipping women to be economically independent, self-reliant, have positive self esteem to enable them to face any difficult situation and they should be able to participate in the process of decision making.”
(v) The International Women’s Conference of 1985 defined ‘women empowerment’ as a redistribution of social power and control of resource in favour of women.
13. Describe some general measures that a school can adop for women empowerment.
Ans: National Education Policy has adopted certain steps for women empowerment.
They are:
(i) Provide opportunities to poor and illiterate women insetting self employed by promoting self help group.
(ii) Reserve 30% of Govt. Jobs and contract jobs for women.
(iii) To ensure and to make arrangement for all women to take part in schemes. Operation Black Board, Total literacy Mission Sarva Shiksha Abhijan etc.
(iv) Increase in maternity leave to 135 days instead of 90 days.
(v) To pass women Reservation Bill in the Lok sabha and Rajya Sabha ensuring Politics Protection and empowerment.
(vi) Establishment of ‘Women Bank’ where will have the privileged to get engaged in all types of activities.
(vii) 33% seats are reserved for women.
14. What are the characteristics of population education.
Ans: Following are the main characteristics of Population education:
(i) Population education is included in the Policy of Human Resource Development.
(ii) It helps in the quantitative and qualitative development of a country.
(iii) It is part a of environmental education.
(iv) The scope of population education is broader than the sex edication.
15. Describe some measures for imparting population education in educational institutions.
Ans: Population Education in Educational Institutions:
(i) In 1971, NCERT declared that population education should be started at the primary school stage continued till the secondary stage.
(ii) At the primary stage concept of small family should be given to the children.
(iii) At the secondary stage, historical background of increasing population along with the data of population growth of different countries should be given.
(iv) At the college levels, knowledge on different parts of the body should be given. Concept of reproductive system should be included in the courses of study.
(v) Research scholars can be research work on “Population”.
(vi) Population education can be included as a subject in different training centres.
16. Discuss the areas of population Education as outlined by NCERT.
Ans: The national council of Educational Research and training organized a work shop on population education at New Delhi in July 1970. The workshop recommended five areas which should from the carricular content for population education.
(i) Population Growth.
(ii) Economic development and population.
(iii) Social development and population.
(iv) Health, nutrition and population.
(v) Biological factors, family life and population.
17. What are the views of Education Commission (1964-66) on Physical Education?
Ans: The view of education commission (1964-66) on physical education are as follows:
(a) Physical education programme should be prepared keeping in view the interest and abilities the students.
(b) Keeping in view the economic sides, programme of physical education should be prepared.
(c) Physical education should be provided to all.
(d) Guidance and counseling should be given to the students keeping in view their ability and aptitude.
(e) Traditional plays, national plays & physical works should be included in the programme of physical education.
18. Describe some general measures that a school can adopt for imparting Environmental Education.
Ans: Some general measures that a school can adopt for imparting environmental education are as follows:
(a) Organizing exhibition on environment.
(b) Organizing educational tour or trips concerning environment.
(c) Discussion, lecture, kavi sammelan etc should be organized for environment.
(d) Celebrating environment day and organizing ‘Van Mahotsava’ in schools and colleges.
(e) Telling stories and singing song on environment.
19. Enumerate some general measures that a school can adopt for imparting population Education.
Ans: Some general measures that a school can adopt for imparting population education are as follows:
(a) Concept of small family and its good effects on family life may be suitably and adequately explained to children at the primary stage.
(b) At the secondary stage history of population explosion and its comparative study may be presented before the students.
(c) Effect of rapid growth of population on economic, social, political and cultural life of the individual may be discussed and analyzed clearly.
(d) At the secondary stage sex education should be presented as a part of science education.
(e) The rapid growth of population which is responsible for moving down of the standard of our personal and social life need to be discussed clearly.
20. Enumerate the guiding principles of Environmental Education.
Ans: The guiding principles of environmental education are as follows:
(a) Environment education helps in programming learning experiences from simple to complex.
For e.g. Children look at a bird, see it eating figs or insects or watch it flying. All this gives them some awareness of the eating and flying habits of birds.
(b) Environmental education helps children to proceed from indefinite ideas to definite ones. An infant for e.g. is not able to distinguish between colours, but as it grows, it learns to discriminate among different shades.
(c) Environmental education helps children to proceed from concrete to abstract. Since environment is full of concrete things which children may examine and classify and interpreted and then draw their own conclusions and inferences about them.
(d) Environmental education has social relevance: relevance to man’s interaction with his physical and social environment, its relevance to changing human attitudes which cause man to hate man & beget hatred on one or the other ground namely caste, creed, colour of religion etc.
(e) Environmental education should be continuous and never ending process.
21. Explain the concept of population Education.
Ans: Population education is an educational programmes through which students and individual can acquire knowledge about the meaning and characteristics of population, causes of explosion and decline of population, consequence of the problem of population explosion etc. It gives importance on the improvement of standard of life and impart knowledge about the impact of population explosion on individual and on the society.
Dr. Slawan, professor of Cloumbia University, first brought out the concept of population education. Burleson, professor, Harvard university, first used the term population education. According to him population education impart knowledge about the nature of burden or problem of population explosion. The concept of ‘Population Education’ was developed and popularized by the American Sociologist and Nobel peace award winner ‘Alva Myrdal’ in the year 1982.
22. Discuss the need and importance of population Education.
Ans: The need and importance of population education are as follows:
(i) It helps for improving the quality of general education.
(ii) It is very necessary to create awareness among the students about the impact of rapid growth of population on socio economic condition, on social life on human and environment.
(iii) It is essential for creating a responsible citizen.
(iv) It helps in removing the superstitions and believes from the minds of people.
(v) It is very essential for maintaining of quality and standard of life.
23. State the broad objectives of population Education.
Ans: The broad objectives of population education are as follows:
(i) To create an understanding among the younger generation about the problem of rapid growth of population, its causes, tends & factors affecting it and ways of regulating it.
(ii) To develop an understanding about the impact of rapid growth of population on socio economic condition of the society as well as on the nation.
(iii) To enable the students to understand that family size is controllable.
(iv) To provide knowledge about control of un planned birth.
(v) To provide preliminary knowledge of reproduction.
24. Explain the concept of physical education? What are the principles suggested by Kothari Commission regarding physical education.
Ans: The true concept of physical education is that it is an integral part of the total education process. It is “a field of endeavour which has as its aim, the development of physically, mentally, emotionally and socially fit citizens through the medium of physical activities, which have been selected with a view to realise these outcome.”
The principles suggested by Kothari Commission regarding physical education are as follows”:
(i) Physical education programme should be prepared keeping in view the interest and abilities of the students.
(ii) Keeping in view the economic sides, programme of physical education should be prepared.
(iii) Physical education should be provided to all.
(iv) Guidance and counselling should be given to the students keeping in view their ability and aptitude.
(v) Traditional plays, national plays and physical works should be included in the programme of physical education.
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