SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Environmental Geography

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SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Environmental Geography

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Environmental Geography

TEXTUAL QUESTION ANSWER

1. What is meant by environment? Why is the environment considered to be a system?

Ans: Environment relates to the surrounding of the living beings. Our earth is the home of humankind. We, the humankind, live with other plants and animals. We have to depend on other animals and plants for our food and other necessities of life. Land, water and air are indispensable for human living. So, humankind is living on earth with plants, animals, water and air. All the natural surroundings like land, water and air together with all the living organisms including man, make the environment.

The environment is considered to be a system because in the global context, the environment itself is a system and this system is being operated by the combined actions of all the biotic and abiotic components. Neither of the biotic components can live in complete isolation. They must live within the abiotic environment. Thus, the Physical or Natural Environment comprising all the living organisms within it has been known as the Ecosystem. It is a field of interaction between the biotic and the abiotic components of the environment.

2. State with examples the relationship amongst lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere.

Ans: The four zones, namely the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere, are interdependent to one another. None of them can exist in isolation.

The lithosphere provides land, soil and minerals on which plants grow and animals live. The hydrosphere supplies water in the form of rivers, lakes, oceans and rainfall. The atmosphere gives oxygen for respiration, carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and maintains temperature suitable for life. The biosphere consists of all plants, animals and human beings which cannot survive without the support of the other three zones.

Different natural cycles like the hydrological cycle and the carbon cycle operate within these zones. For example, water evaporates from the hydrosphere, forms clouds in the atmosphere, falls as rain on the lithosphere and supports the biosphere. Similarly, plants take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, prepare food in the lithosphere using water from the hydrosphere, and provide food to animals and human beings of the biosphere.

3. Write in brief as to why the environments of all the regions of the world are not the same.

Ans: The environment itself is so vast and extensive that it is really a difficult task to identify it on a regional basis. Within the global system, the environment of a particular region does influence the environment of another region. This has fairly been observed that no place on earth is self-dependent, that is, it has to depend on the different environmental conditions prevailing over that particular place. This is being clearly evidenced from the varying characteristics of ocean current, circulated wind and the running water. In fact, the environment has no specific geographical boundary, The environment of a particular place is closely interrelated to that of another place. Examples may be cited that the smoke and ashes that came out during the eruption of krakatoa volcano in 1883 AD covered quite a large part of the global atmosphere causing tremendous hazards to the living organisms.

4. Define Environmental Geography.

Ans: Environmental Geography studies the nature of the global environment, its spatio-temporal changes and tries to find out the probable solutions of the environmental problems. It also studies the nature of the environment and real differentiation of environmental conditions on the basis of man and his works.

5. Discuss the importance of Environmental Geography as a branch of Geography.

Ans: Environmental Geography studies of nature of the global environment. So it’s a very important branch of Geography. 

Importance of Environmental Geography as a branch of Geography are given below:

(i) Our planet has been facing different environmental problems.

(ii) The rapid growth of population, urbanization and industrialisation has put pressure on the global environment.

(iii) Expansion of transport and communication and the urgency for acquiring resources from all sources have increased environmental stress.

(iv) Modernisation of agriculture and development of people’s way of life have also affected the environment.

(v) To study these issues scientifically with new ideas and advanced technology, a separate branch called Environmental Geography has been instituted within Geography.

(vi) Environmental Geography studies the nature of the global environment, its spatio-temporal changes and seeks probable solutions of environmental problems.

(vii) This branch is quite new and not yet fully developed in our country.

(viii) However, Environmental Geography is gaining popularity and relevance due to ever-increasing environmental problems throughout the globe.

6. Give an account on the objective and scope of Environmental Geography.

Ans: The primary objective of the geographic study is the changing or evolutionary relationship between man and environment that prevailed over the globe. Geography wants to highlight the areal differentiation in respect of man and environment on one hand and the interdependence of the different regions as such, on the other hand. So, the matters relating to the environment occupy an important place in the study of geography since inception.

Now, it is evident that our planet has been facing different environmental problems. The rapid growth of population, the high pace of urbanization and industrialisation together with the growing development of the peoples’ way of life have given a thrust on the global environment. At the same time, the unprecedented expansion of transport and communication, the urgency for acquiring resources from all available sources, modernisation of agriculture inclined to carry out scientific studies through new ideas and more developed technology. Keeping this objective in mind, a separate branch called Environmental Geography has been instituted within the study of geography. So, the Environmental Geography studies the nature of the global environment, its spatio-temporal changes and tries to find out the probable solutions of the environmental problems.

7. What do you mean by elements of the environment? Write down the meanings of biotic and abiotic elements.

Ans: The meaning and scope of the environment is extensive. It covers all the elements of the Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere and Biosphere of the earth. These elements can be divided into two types – Biotic elements and Abiotic elements. Both of them are interdependent and together make the environment.

(i) Biotic Elements: The Biotic elements are within the Biosphere. It covers from the tiny microbes to the vast animals and all the plants. These living organisms differ in different environmental conditions. For example – luxuriant growth of plants in Equatorial Evergreen Forests, xerophytic plants in Arid regions, and animals like camels in desert, polar bear and penguins in polar regions.

(ii) Abiotic Elements: The Abiotic elements consist of all the non-living components of Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere and Biosphere. They include soil, rocks, water and air. These elements also differ from region to region. For example – alluvial soil in river valleys, different types of water in various regions, and air with varying temperature and humidity.

8. Complete the given list by making a division of biotic and abiotic from the following elements: sand, mineral, bacteria, phytoplankton, grass, rainfall, humidity, soil, water, forest, insects, virus, coal, mineral oil, mangrove solar energy.

Biotic elements	Abiotic elements

Ans: Division of Biotic and Abiotic Elements:

Biotic elements	Abiotic elements
Bacteria	Sand
Phytoplankton	Mineral
Grass	Rainfall
Forest	Humidity
Insect	Soil
Mangroove	Water
Virus	Coal
	Mineral Oil
	Solar Energy

9. What is meant by environmental problems?

Ans: The way of life of the people depends on the environmental conditions that surround them. In other words, it can be said that the environment has the sole control over man’s life. This is also known as environmental determinism.

At present, the entire global environment has been facing certain problems, including its inhabitants. Now, it has gone to such an extent that almost all the living organisms are facing some threat to life. It is seen not only in the urban areas but in the rural areas too. It has really been a difficult task to find a rational solution to such problems. Now, for all of us the need of the hour is to understand the environment properly, to become more eco-friendly and to safeguard the environment with better justice.

10. Mention the causes which are responsible for the growing environmental problems in the world. 

Ans: Since the early history of mankind, people, no doubt, used to stay with some kind of natural disasters like earthquake, volcano, flood, cyclone, tsunamis etc. These problems are purely natural. But now, the nature of the environmental problems is quite different. At present, the problems are mostly man-made. Some of the main problems that we are facing now are rapid population growth, especially in third world countries, indiscriminate extraction of resources, extensive application of technology in the production sector, rapid growth of vehicles on road, expansion of towns and cities etc.

11. What do you mean by the balanced state of the environment?

Ans: It is known that the vegetation cover of an area is the basis of maintaining the ecological balance of that area. If it is lost, the balance is disturbed. So, to maintain the ecological balance, 33% vegetation cover is a must. It should be further higher, at least 60%, in case of the hilly and mountainous regions. Otherwise, these areas would be more prone to the natural calamities like land erosion, landslide and dearth of water.

12. “Deforestation is the cause of many problems and the result of many developmental processes” statement with arguments. analyse the statements with arguments.

Ans: Deforestation can be said to be one of the most significant environmental problems that our planet has ever faced. Destruction of forests is known as deforestation. Deforestation is the cause of many problems and the result of many developmental processes. In other words, we gain wealth by losing the forest resource and we are destroying the ecological balance in the environment.

13. What is global warming? Discuss its main causes.

Ans: The heating effect in the atmosphere is accelerated due to the absorption and retention of the radiated energy by some gases. These gases are known as Greenhouse gases and their effect has been termed as Greenhouse effect. The problem of high proportion of CO₂ contents in the atmosphere attains such a state that there is no alternative but to think seriously about the probable remedies. Along with CO₂, the other greenhouse gases are also on the increase due to different activities of the human population, resulting in an increase of global temperature. This increase of temperature over the entire earth’s surface due to different factors, has been termed as Global Warming.

14. Give an account of the problems that may occur as a result of global warming.

Ans: The effect of global warming would be multidimensional. The first and foremost effect would be the melting action of thick layers of ice stored for millions of years in the two poles. This would cause rise in the sea level and submergence of land areas. Another significant impact of global warming would be on the agriculture sector. Drastic changes in the agricultural practices, decline in the agricultural production and famine would be the immediate outcome. The increase of temperature in the atmosphere would have a direct impact on the plant kingdom also. The nature of the distribution of natural vegetation would be greatly affected.

15. Write briefly about the duties of the general people in controlling increased global warming.

Ans: The general people have a very important duty in controlling the increase of global warming. Fortunately, in recent times, it has been observed that people are becoming more aware of this dreaded problem and are coming forward to take active steps for its solution. One of the major responsibilities of the people is to participate in afforestation programmes. By planting trees and protecting the existing forests, they can help in restoring the ecological balance that has been disturbed due to deforestation and rapid industrialisation.

Different programmes such as Van Mahotsav and World Environment Day are organised every year, and the common people actively participate in them to promote plantation and spread awareness. Besides plantation, people should also adopt eco-friendly habits in their daily lives, such as reducing the indiscriminate use of fossil fuels, minimising wastage of resources, avoiding pollution, and protecting the natural vegetation cover. If these steps are taken seriously by the masses, it would not only reduce the harmful effects of global warming but also ensure the revival of lush green forests and a healthy environment for future generations.

Thus, the role of the general people is crucial. With collective efforts against deforestation and towards afforestation, mankind can once again witness a planet full of green vegetation and ecological balance.

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SEBA Class 10 Geography Textual [New Edition Updated]

SL. No.	CONTENTS
Chapter – 1	Physical Geography
Chapter – 2	Environmental Geography
Chapter – 3	Regional Geography
Chapter – 4	Regional Geography of USA
Chapter – 5	Regional Geography of Japan
Chapter – 6	Regional Geography of India
Chapter – 7	Practical Geography