Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Notes Physical Geography

Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Notes Physical Geography, in English Medium Students will find the very useful for exam preparation. SEBA Board Class 10 Geography Question Answer in English The experts of Roy Library provide Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Notes Physical Geography for every textbook question Answer to help students understand and learn the language quickly. Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Notes Physical Geography by Roy Library helps students understand the literature lessons in the textbook. Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Notes Physical Geography The sole purpose of the solutions is to assist students in learning the language easily.

Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Notes Physical Geography

NCERT Solution for Class 10 Geography, CBSE Solution for Class 10 Geography, gives you a better knowledge of all the chapters. SCERT Geography Class 10, Class 10 Bhugol, He experts have made attempts to make the solutions interesting, and students understand the concepts quickly. 10th Geography Notes in English, 10th Geography, will be able to solve all the doubts of the students. Class 10 Geography Important Questions and Answer, Class 10 Geography Extra Questions and Answer, provided are as per the Latest Curriculum and covers all the questions from the are present on Roy Library’s website in a systematic order.

Physical Geography

TEXTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWER

1. What is landform?

Ans: The surface of the earth is characterised by various types of features such as mountains, hills, plains, valleys, rivers etc. These features are called landforms. 

2. Define geomorphology.

Ans: Geomorphology is defined as the branch of geography which studies the origin, evolution, morphology and distribution of various landforms on the earth’s surface. 

3. Write down the meaning of the geomorphic processes. 

Ans. The landforms develop on the earth’s surface as a result of interaction between exogenic processes and endogenetic processes. These processes involved in the creation of landforms are called geomorphic processes.

4. Mention the exogenic processes on factor. 

Ans: The external factors or processes which bring about various types of changes on the earth’s surface are known as exogenic processes or factors. The exogenic processes are sunshine, wind, rainfall, rivers, glaciers, ocean waves, currents, temperature etc.

6. What do you mean by the term ‘deflation”?

Ans: Some area of the desert are relatively lowered by the result of transportation of loose sand, dust particle from the surface level by the wind action is called deflation.

6. What is inselberg? Explain with diagram.

Ans: An isolated low hillocks of solid rocks rising abruptly from plain of low relief, formed by the abrasion action of wind erosion is called inselberg.

The upper part of the inselberg is steep. due to high intensity of wind action in this part than on its lower part. Inselberg are noted for high velocity winds. seen in deserts.

7. What is oasis? What is its significance? 

Ans- Oasis is a fertile area in the desert region having small isolated spring and little vegetation. With the transportation of materials to others parts, Some area may be lowered down almost to the level of underground water rising to some depression is known as oasis.

Significance of Oasis: Oasis are patches of water and vegetation arid and sandy land. It is significance in providing a place for settlement, scope for agriculture and development of economic activities. People can also travel through deserts as the occasional oasis gives them the required water, shade etc.

8. What are sand dunes? How are they formed?

Ans: The wind blown sand get deposited in some area are thus aggraded. The deposites of sand may take the form of hills in the course of time such hills-like sand deposites are known as sand dunes. Sand dunes are formed in three different categories. 

These are:

(a) Longitudinal sand dunes: These sand dunes are formed longitudinally along the direction of wind.

(b) Transverse sand dunes: These sand dunes are formed transverse to the direction of the wind.

(c) Barkhans sand dunes: These sand dunes are formed having a shape of crescent. These sand dunes are called barkhans.

Sand dunes are formed due to the depositional activities of wind in the desert area.

9. What is abrasion? What are the features formed due to abrasion?

Ans: The wind blown sands at high velocity hit the elevated lands on their way and thereby erode them. Such erosion caused as a result of friction is called abrasion.

Various features are formed due to abrasion in the desert and semi- desert areas due to continued abrasion over a considerable long period, the soft and least resistant rocks get erode and are entirely worn away. But the hard rocks with high resistance become smooth and polished to a great extend and formed many shapes. The of abrasion is responsible for the formation of inselberg yardang and other kinds of erosional features in the deserts.

10. Define attrition?

Ans: Attrition is defined as a process of wind erosion in the desert. The wind blown sand materials collide each other while in transit and thus the particles themselves get broken gradually in smaller pieces. This process by which sand and rocks particles are broken into smaller pieces through their mutual collision.

11. What are glaciers? What is the reason for their slow movement?

Ans: The large blocks of ice which move very slowly over the land surface from the mountains valleys downwards due to the earts gravitational force are known as glaciers.

They move very slowly because of their vast size. The speed of glaciers is affected by their vast size, the nature of the slope and configuration of the surface of the mountains and the atmospheric temperature. Therefore, huge blocks of ice moves very slowly while smaller pieces of ice moves at a faster rate.

12. What are the different types of glaciers? Write briefly about each of them.

Ans: The different types of glaciers are:

(i) Continental glacier.

(ii) Mountain Glaciers or Alpine. Or Valley Glaciers.

(iii) Piedmont Glaciers.

(i) Continental Glacier: These are extensive ice blocks which covers the polar regions.Northern Canada, Greenland, Scandinavia, Antarctic etc are extensively covered by the continental glacier. These glaciers move downslope very slowly according to the surface gradient.

(ii) Mountain Glacier: These glacier originate in the high altitude region of the mountains. They are mostly found in the Alps of Europe, the Rockies of North America and the Himalayas of Asia. Generally they flow through the valley confined between two mountain ranges. They are comparatively little faster than the continental glaciers.

(iii) Piedmont glacier: The glaciers that are formed due to convergence of several mountain glaciers at the foothill zone are known as piedmont glaciers. As these glaciers originate in the piedmont zone of the mountains, they are called piedmont glaciers. Such glaciers are common in Alaska of North America.

S.L. NO.	CONTENTS
Chapter – 1	Physical Geography
Chapter – 2	Environmental Geography
Chapter – 3	Concept Of Region And Regional Geography Of The World
Chapter – 4	Regional Geography Of U.S.A
Chapter – 5	Regional Geography Of Japan
Chapter – 6	Regional Geography Of India
Chapter – 7	Practical Geography
Chapter – 8	Map Scale

13. Draw a figure to show the shape of a valley.

Ans: 

14. What is a hanging valley?

 Ans: Hanging valley is one of the erosional features created by glaciers. The tributary glacier while meeting the main glaciers appears to be hanging over the main glaciers. So, the valley of the tributary glacier is called hanging valley.

15. What are moraines? What are their different types? Show the location of different moraines with the help of a figure.

Ans: The depositional features of a glacier which bring about major changes on the earth’s surface is known as moraines. Moraines are divided in the following four types.

These are:

(i) Lateral moraines.

(ii) Ground moraines.

(iii) Medial moraines.

(iv) Terminal moraines.

(i) Lateral moraines: Moraines which are formed along the sides parallel to the glacial valleys are called lateral moraines.

(ii) Ground moraines: Moraines which move along the bottom bed of the glacier valley are known as ground moraines.These are formed as a result of the deposition of Sediments by a valley glacier which while moving rapidly fails to carry the sediment loads and begins to leave an irregular sheet.

(iii) Medial moraine: When two glaciers join at a particular spot in the valley, their lateral marines along unite together and start flowing in the centre of the glacier valley. The moraines that move along the middle course of the glacier are known as medial moraines.

(iv) Terminal moraine: Terminal moraine is a ridge formed by the deposition of sediments carried down by a glacier which gets accumulated at the end of a valley glacier. It consist of large angular boulders.

16. Based on your general knowledge, state how global warming may have its various affects on glaciers.

Ans: The increase in global temperature brought about by the increase emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The major greenhouse. gases are carbon dioxide, ozone, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons and water vapour is called global warming.

One of the negative impacts of global warming is that it may gently affects glaciers as well as those of the of the high mountain ranges of the world. It may melt the glaciers resulting in several changes in the landforms of the polar and mountainous regions. It has been proved that the polar ice is beginning to melt mainly due to the high rate of global warming leading to rising level of sea water. This can cause floods, destruction of marine life and thus upset the existing ecological balance. Similarly, currently there is a view that the Himalayan snow may also melt sooner than expected. Such a situation in the near future will have serious repercussions particularly in the Indian subcontinent leading to the drying of perennial rivers which later the northern and north-eastern plains of India. The melting of such ideal sources of fresh water will have disastrous consequences. Glaciers are the best sources fresh water and therefore their melting can depleted fresh water resources in the world to a great extend and thereby affect the very existence of terrestrial life on earth.

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 A. Answer the following questions.

1. What is exogenic process or factor?

Ans: The external factor or process which bring various changes on earth’s surface is called exogenic factor. The main exogenic factors are: sunshine, rain, rivers, wind, glaciers, ocean waves and currents, temperature etc. 

2. What is endogenic factor? 

Ans: The internal factor which originate in the interior of the earth and bring changes in the landforms of the earth. The main endogenic factors are: earthquake, volcanic activities, movement of plates etc.

3. What is glacter ?

Ans: The extensive masses of ice which move very slowly over the land surface as sheets or move linearly through the mountain valley downwards due to gravitational force of the earth. 

4. How many types of glaciers are there and what are they?

Ans: There are three types of glaciers. 

They are:

(i) Continental glacier.

(ii) Mountain glacier.

(iii) Piedmont glacier. 

5. What is Yardang?

Ans: The steep-sided overhanging rocks with deeply undercut ridges or structure formed in relatively softer sedimentary rocks in the desert due to wind erosion. 

6. Presently, what is the percent of earth’s land area under the impact of glacial actions. 

Ans: 1 percent.

7. What do you mean by sheet flood? 

Ans: The flood that occurs covering large areas of desert is known as sheet flood. Such flood transport the clay, sand and other material of the desert from one place to another and bring about drastic change in the desert topography.

8. What is hanging valley? 

Ans: Hanging valley is an an erosional feature created by glacier. The tributary glacier while meeting the main glacier appears to be hanging over the main glaciers. So, the valley of the tributary glacier is called hanging valley.

9. Write the difference between exogenic force and endogenic force.

Ans:

Exogenic force	Endogenic forces
(i) Exogenic forces originate on the surface of the Earth.	(i) Endogenic forces originate in the interior of the Earth.
(ii) These forces are slow but constant.	(ii) These forces may be slow or sudden.
(iii) They erode the raised lands and fill the low lying areas.	(iii) The land masses either rise or subside under the influence of these forces.
(iv) They include the action of wind, water  and snow.	(iv) They include earthquake, volcanic activity, movement of plates, faulting and folding etc.
(v) They are constantly busy in levelling the ruggedness of the surface.	(v) They bring about unevenness on the surface of the earth.

10. What are the activities perform by the wind in desert?

Ans: Activities performed by the wind in desert are:

(i) Erosion.

(ii) Transportation.

(iii) Deposition

B. Fill in the blanks.

1. Wind, rainfall, glaciers are examples of _____.

Ans: Exogenic factor. 

2. _____ and _____ are the two most important geomorphic processes.

Ans: Wind, Glaciers

3. _____ is very less in desert areas.

Ans: Rainfall. 

4. _____ are the characteristic features of desert landscape.

Ans: Sand dunes. 

5. Crescent-shaped sand dunes are called _____.

Ans: Barkhans. 

6. Deflation is caused by _____.

Ans: Wind. 

7. _____ is an example of horn-shaped mountain peaks found in the Swiss Alps.

Ans: Metahorn.

8. The continental glaciers are generally found in the _____ region.

Ans: Polar.

9. Eskar, drumlin and kame are related with _____.

Ans: Moraines.

10. _____ are extensive ice sheet that cover the polar regions.

Ans: Continental glaciers.

We Hope the given SEBA Class 10 Geography With Answer will help you. If you Have any Regarding, NCERT Geography Class 10 textbook Solutions, drop a comment below and We will get back to you at the earliest.