SEBA Class 9 Social Science Chapter 1 Advent of the Europeans into India

SEBA Class 9 Social Science Chapter 1 Advent of the Europeans into India Solutions English Medium As Per New Edition Syllabus to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters. SEBA Class 9 Social Science Chapter 1 Advent of the Europeans into India Question Answer in English and select need one. SEBA Class 9 Social Science Textual Solutions Download PDF.

SEBA Class 9 Social Science Chapter 1 Advent of the Europeans into India

Class 9 Social Science Textbook Question Answer in English Also, you can read the (SCERT) in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per Board of Secondary Education, Assam (SEBA) Guidelines. SEBA Solutions For Class 9 Social Science. Here we have given SEBA Textual Solutions For Class 9 Social Science English Medium.

Advent of the Europeans into India

HISTORY

EXERCISE

Very short answer questions:

1. Who was the first Portuguese sailor to discover the sea route between India and the west? When and where in India did he arrive for the first time?

Ans: Vasco da Gama was the first Portuguese sailor to discover the sea route between India and the West. He arrived at Calicut (present-day Kozhikode, Kerala) in the year 1498.

2. Who was the English sailor able to move round the earth through the sea route?

Ans: Sir Francis Drake was the English sailor who successfully circumnavigated the earth through the sea route.

3. Who was the English sailor who entered India for the first time with a petition letter and when?

Ans: Captain William Hawkins entered India in 1608 with a letter from King James I of England to the Mughal Emperor Jahangir.

4. When and where did the East India Company initially establish?

Ans: The East India Company was established in England on 31st December 1600.

5. Write two objectives of the East India Company to permanently rule in India?

Ans: (i) To gain monopoly over the profitable trade of spices, cotton, and silk.

(ii) To establish political dominance and acquire territorial control for long-term profit.

6. When and where in India was the first trade centre of the English established?

Ans: The first English trade centre was established in 1611 at Masulipatnam, in present-day Andhra Pradesh.

7. What is ‘Fort William’?

Ans: Fort William was a fort built by the British in Calcutta (Kolkata) in 1696 to protect their trade and settlements.

8. Which were the two main divisions of the British administrative period of dependent India?

Ans: The two main divisions of the British administrative period of dependent India are:

(i) Company Rule (1757–1858).

(ii) Crown Rule or British Raj (1858–1947).

9. Who, when and with what objective was the ‘Govt. of India Act’ enacted?

Ans: The Government of India Act was enacted by the British Parliament in 1858 to transfer the administrative power of India from the East India Company to the British Crown.

10. When and with what objective was the ‘Indian Councils Act’ enacted?

Ans: The Indian Councils Act was enacted in 1861 to introduce Indians into the legislative process and to decentralize legislative powers.

Short long answer:

1. What were the efforts made by the British to establish trade relation with India? Analyse the steps by which they succeeded.

Ans: The British made repeated attempts to establish trade with India due to the rich availability of spices, silk, and cotton. In 1600, the East India Company was formed. Captain Hawkins visited Jahangir’s court in 1608, followed by Sir Thomas Roe in 1615, who obtained trade privileges for the English.

They gradually set up factories at Surat, Madras, and Calcutta. They defeated their European rivals like the Portuguese and Dutch and formed strong naval and military bases. Over time, they used diplomacy, bribes, and force to dominate trade and politics, thus succeeding in laying the foundation of British rule.

2. How did the East India Company establish three trade centres at three important places in India?

Ans: The East India Company establish three trade centres at three important places in India. 

Such are:

(i) In Surat (West India), the Company obtained permission from the Mughal emperor to trade after sending Sir Thomas Roe.

(ii) In Madras (South India), the Company acquired land from the local ruler and established Fort St. George in 1640.

(iii) In Calcutta (East India), they acquired land from the Nawab of Bengal and built Fort William in 1696.

These centres helped the Company gain strong control over Indian trade routes.

3. Who was the most remarkable person of the East India Company to pave the way for the establishment of British imperialism in India? Write with four arguments about his strategies to lay the foundation stone of the British Empire?

Ans: Robert Clive was the most remarkable figure in establishing British imperialism in India.

The four arguments about his strategies to lay the foundation stone of the British Empire are given below:

(i) He led the British in the Battle of Plassey (1757), defeating Siraj-ud-Daulah.

(ii) He installed Mir Jafar as a puppet ruler, ensuring British control over Bengal.

(iii) Clive cleverly exploited the internal rivalries among Indian rulers.

(iv) He secured the Diwani rights (revenue collection) of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa in 1765, laying the financial foundation of the British Empire.

4. Write the causes for the outbreak of the Sepoy Mutiny.

Ans: The causes for the outbreak of the Sepoy Mutiny are: 

(i) The use of greased cartridges offended both Hindu and Muslim religious sentiments.

(ii) Discrimination and ill-treatment of Indian sepoys by British officers.

(iii) The Doctrine of Lapse led to the annexation of Indian states.

(iv) General discontent due to economic exploitation and cultural interference.

5. Mention four important results of the Sepoy Mutiny.

Ans: The four important results of the Sepoy Mutiny.

(i) The East India Company’s rule ended in 1858.

(ii) The British Crown took direct control of India.

(iii) The Indian army was reorganized with racial and regional divisions.

(iv) Queen Victoria issued a proclamation ensuring religious tolerance and non-interference.

6. Mention four administrative changes brought through the ‘Govt. of India Act’,

Ans: After the Revolt of 1857, the British government implemented several administrative changes to strengthen its control over India. One of the most significant steps was the enactment of the Government of India Act, 1858. Under this Act, the rule of the East India Company was completely abolished. The administrative power was transferred directly to the British Crown, marking the beginning of the Crown Rule in India. A new post, Secretary of State for India, was created in the British Cabinet, assisted by a Council of India in London, to manage Indian affairs. Moreover, the designation of Governor-General was changed to Viceroy of India, who became the direct representative of the British Monarch in India.

7. Write about two main reforms of Lord Canning.

Ans: Following these changes, Lord Canning, the first Viceroy of India, introduced two major reforms to stabilize and modernize British rule. 

(i)  He introduced the Indian Councils Act of 1861, which allowed the inclusion of selected Indians in legislative councils for the first time. 

(ii) He reorganized the Indian army and civil services to ensure greater loyalty from Indian soldiers and improve administrative efficiency. These reforms laid the foundation for future inclusion of Indians in governance.

8. Write two merits and two demerits of the ‘Indian Councils Act’.

Ans: The Indian Councils Act of 1861 had its merits and demerits. On the positive side, it allowed limited participation of Indians in the legislative councils, which marked the beginning of representative institutions in India. It also encouraged decentralization, giving some legislative powers to provincial governments. However, the Act had serious limitations. The Indian members had no real power, as they were a minority and could only give suggestions. Moreover, the councils functioned mostly as advisory bodies, and the British retained the actual power of decision-making.

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SEBA Class 9 Social Science Solutions [New Editions Updated]

Sl. No.	CONTENTS
Chapter – 1	Advent of the Europeans into India
Chapter – 2	Growth of Indian Nationalism
Chapter – 3	The Moamoriya Rebellion
Chapter – 4	Burmese Invasion of Assam
Chapter – 5	Beginning of The British Administration in India
Chapter – 6	Change of the Earth’s Surface
Chapter – 7	Atmosphere: Structure, Air Pressure and Wind System
Chapter – 8	Geography of India
Chapter – 9	Geography of Assam
Chapter – 10	Political Parties in India
Chapter – 11	Types or Classification of Government
Chapter – 12	Basic Concepts of Economics
Chapter – 13	Basic Economic Problems