SEBA Class 9 Social Science Chapter 8 Geography of India

SEBA Class 9 Social Science Chapter 8 Geography of India Solutions English Medium As Per New Edition Syllabus to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters. SEBA Class 9 Social Science Chapter 8 Geography of India Question Answer in English and select need one. SEBA Class 9 Social Science Textual Solutions Download PDF.

SEBA Class 9 Social Science Chapter 8 Geography of India

SEBA Class 9 Social Science Chapter 8 Geography of India Also, you can read the (SCERT) in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per Board of Secondary Education, Assam (SEBA) Guidelines. SEBA Class 9 Social Science Chapter 8 Geography of India. Here we have given SEBA Textual Solutions For Class 9 Social Science English Medium.

Geography of India

GEOGRAPHY

EXERCISE

1. Write about the geographical location of India.

Ans: India is located in the southern part of Asia, with its geographical position between 8°4′28″N and 37°17′53″N latitudes and 68°7′33″E and 97°24′47″E longitudes. It is bordered by the Himalayas and China in the north, the Indian Ocean in the south, the Bay of Bengal and Myanmar in the east, and the Arabian Sea and Pakistan in the west.

2. What is the total length of Indian coastlines?

Ans: India has a total coastline of approximately 6,100 km. This includes the eastern coastline along the Bay of Bengal, the western coastline along the Arabian Sea, and the southern coastline along the Indian Ocean. This extensive coastline supports a number of ports, making it a vital area for trade and commerce.

3. What is the total length of the land boundaries of India.

Ans: The total length of India’s land boundaries is about 15,200 km. This includes boundaries with Pakistan in the West, China, Nepal, and Bhutan in the North, Bangladesh and Myanmar in the East, and further extends along the South-East with Bangladesh.

4. Write a short note on Indian landmass.

Ans: India is the seventh largest country in the world, covering an area of 3,287,263 km², which constitutes about 2.4% of the total area of the Earth. It is a sub-continent due to its vast size, extending 3,214 km from north to south and 2,933 km from east to west. The country’s diverse geographical features include mountains, plateaus, deserts, and plains, contributing to its complex landscape.

5. Write down four points of differences between the North and the South Indian rivers.

Ans: Four Points of Differences between the North and the South Indian Rivers:

(i) Source and Flow: North Indian rivers have a perennial flow as they originate from the snow-covered Himalayas, whereas South Indian rivers, originating from lower mountains, are often seasonal.

(ii) River Course: In North India, the river course is characterized by distinct upper, middle, and lower courses. In contrast, South Indian rivers have narrower valleys and a less distinct course.

(iii) Floodplains: North Indian rivers, like the Ganga, have wide floodplains due to the extensive plains they pass through, while South Indian rivers flow through narrow valleys and are not navigable.

(iv) Suitability for Hydropower: North Indian rivers carry a heavy sediment load and are slow-moving, making them unsuitable for hydropower, unlike South Indian rivers, which are fast-flowing and more suitable for hydropower.

6. What are the physiographic division of India?

Ans: India’s physiography can be divided into four major regions:

(i) Northern Himalayas: The highest mountain ranges, comprising the Great Himalayas, Lesser Himalayas, and Outer Himalayas, stretch across the northern boundary of India.

(ii) Northern Plains: Fertile plains formed by the alluvial deposits of the major rivers like the Ganga, Indus, and Brahmaputra.

(iii) Deccan Plateau: Located in southern India, this plateau is formed by ancient volcanic rocks, bordered by the Western and Eastern Ghats.

(iv) Coastal Regions: The eastern and western coasts of India, along with the coastal plains, contribute significantly to India’s economic activities like fishing and trade.

7. What are the characteristics of the Northern Himalayan Mountain Region of India?

Ans: The Northern Himalayan region is characterized by the world’s highest mountain peaks, glaciers, and steep gorges. This region has a length of about 2,500 km from Nanga Parbat in Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh in the east. The region is made of folded mountains and is rich in snow-covered peaks and glaciers, contributing to the rivers flowing from the region.

8. Describe the characteristics of the North Indian Plain.

Ans: The Northern Plains are extensive and fertile, formed by the river systems of the Ganga, Brahmaputra, and Indus. They stretch across the northern part of India and are known for their agricultural productivity. The plain region is densely populated, with the fertile land supporting large-scale agriculture and settlements. It is a crucial part of India’s economy and food production.

9. Describe the characteristics of the Deccan Plateau.

Ans: The Deccan Plateau is a vast, triangular region located south of the Northern Plains. It is composed of old hard rocks and is divided by the Vindhya and Satpura ranges. The plateau is higher in the west and slopes towards the east, where major rivers like the Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri flow towards the Bay of Bengal.

10. Mention the characteristics of the Coastal Region of India.

Ans: The coastal region of India is situated along the eastern and western shores, with varying elevation from 30 meters to 50 meters above sea level. The eastern coastline is wider and more fertile, while the western coast is narrower. Both coasts are important for trade and have several significant ports. The Eastern Ghats and Western Ghats separate the coastal plains from the Deccan Plateau.

11. Write down the characteristics of the climate of India.

Ans: India’s climate varies significantly due to its vast size and diverse topography. The northern parts of India have a temperate climate, while the southern parts have a tropical climate. The country experiences four distinct seasons: pre-monsoon, monsoon, pre-winter, and winter. The monsoon plays a crucial role in determining rainfall patterns, with heavy rains in the western and northeastern parts.

12. Write a note on the impact of monsoons in India.

Ans: The monsoons play a vital role in shaping the climate of India. The southwest monsoon brings the majority of rainfall, crucial for agriculture, while the northeast monsoon provides dry winds in the winter. The monsoons significantly impact the agricultural productivity of the country and influence the seasonal weather patterns.

13. Outline the pattern of rainfall distribution in India.

Ans: Rainfall is not uniform across India. The northeastern region, parts of the western Ghats, and the foothills of the Himalayas receive heavy rainfall, while areas like the Thar Desert receive very little rainfall.

14. Write about the types of the vegetations of India.

Ans: India has six types of vegetation:

(i) Evergreen Vegetation: Evergreen vegetation thrives in regions receiving more than 200 cm of annual rainfall and with temperatures between 25°C and 27°C. These forests are dense and consist of tall trees, some of which can grow up to 45 meters. The trees do not shed their leaves in any season, which is why they are termed “evergreen.” This type of vegetation includes species such as sisum, sandalwood, and rubber trees. Besides tall trees, other plants like bamboo, ferns, and creepers also grow in these forests. Evergreen forests are primarily found in the western slopes of the Western Ghats, the Himalayan foothills, and some regions of the northeastern states of India.

(ii) Monsoonal Vegetation: Monsoonal vegetation is found in regions with an average annual rainfall between 100 cm and 200 cm and a temperature of around 27°C. This type of vegetation is dependent on the seasonal monsoon rains. During the winter months, when rainfall decreases, the trees shed their leaves. Major trees found in monsoonal forests include sal, teak, siris, sisu, and varieties of bamboos. These forests are widespread in states like Assam, West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and the humid areas of the South Indian states. Monsoonal forests are also found in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

(iii) Dry Thorny Vegetation: Dry thorny vegetation is typical of areas with less than 50 cm of annual rainfall, where the climate is usually hot and dry. The soil in these areas is sandy, and the water content in the soil is low. To adapt to these conditions, the trees have small, thorny leaves instead of broad ones, which helps reduce evaporation. These types of vegetation are commonly found in the Thar Desert in Rajasthan and the southwestern part of Punjab. The major tree species in dry thorny vegetation include acacia, cactus, date palm, and some varieties of shrubs.

(iv) Grassland Vegetation: Grassland vegetation is found in areas with an average annual rainfall of between 50 cm and 100 cm. These regions are characterized by the presence of short grasses and thorny bushes. In India, grasslands are found in parts of Punjab, the eastern part of Rajasthan, and in the plains of Uttar Pradesh. Grasslands also grow in the central parts of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and parts of Maharashtra. Additionally, grassland vegetation can be found in the wet and waterlogged Terai region of the Himalayan foothills. Notable species of grassland vegetation include canes, reeds, and thatches, along with trees like khair and simul.

(v) Mangrove Vegetation: Mangrove vegetation grows in coastal delta regions where salty sea water is prevalent. These forests thrive in the sediment-rich areas along coasts, where tides and rivers deposit sediments. Mangrove vegetation can survive in saline conditions and includes species such as sundari, date palm, coconut, and other bushy plants. Mangrove forests are primarily found in the delta regions of the Ganga-Brahmaputra system, the Sundarbans in West Bengal, and the deltas of the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri rivers. These forests play a crucial role in protecting coastal regions from erosion and act as important breeding grounds for marine life.

(vi) Mountain Vegetation: The mountain vegetation varies with altitude, as temperature, rainfall, and soil quality change with height. At lower altitudes, especially in the outer Himalayas (Siwaliks), monsoonal forests dominate with trees like sal and various bamboos. As the altitude increases, evergreen forests of oak and coniferous trees are found in the 1,000 m to 2,000 m range, particularly in the Himalayan regions of Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Darjeeling, and Sikkim. In the higher altitudes, above 3,000 m, alpine vegetation dominates, consisting of mosses, shrubs, and grasses. The type of vegetation changes as one moves upward in altitude, with the increasing cold leading to the growth of alpine meadows and small trees.

These six types of vegetation in India are largely influenced by climate, rainfall, and soil types, and they contribute significantly to the country’s biodiversity.

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SEBA Class 9 Social Science Solutions [New Editions Updated]

Sl. No.	CONTENTS
Chapter – 1	Advent of the Europeans into India
Chapter – 2	Growth of Indian Nationalism
Chapter – 3	The Moamoriya Rebellion
Chapter – 4	Burmese Invasion of Assam
Chapter – 5	Beginning of The British Administration in India
Chapter – 6	Change of the Earth’s Surface
Chapter – 7	Atmosphere: Structure, Air Pressure and Wind System
Chapter – 8	Geography of India
Chapter – 9	Geography of Assam
Chapter – 10	Political Parties in India
Chapter – 11	Types or Classification of Government
Chapter – 12	Basic Concepts of Economics
Chapter – 13	Basic Economic Problems