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SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Regional Geography
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Regional Geography
| TEXTUAL QUESTION ANSWER |
1. What do you mean by a region? Explain the importance of the region in geographical study.
Ans: A region is a portion of the Earth’s surface that shows a certain degree of uniformity or similarity in physical or human characteristics such as climate, soil, vegetation, economic activity, language or culture.
In geography, studying a region is important because it:
(i) Helps understand the spatial variation of natural and human phenomena.
(ii) Explains how physical, social and economic elements combine to give a place its identity.
(iii) Allows planners to identify advanced and backward areas and to prepare development plans.
(iv) Reveals the relationships between one region and its neighboring regions.
2. Explain how a region can be identified on the earth’s surface.
Ans: A region can be identified by:
(i) Homogeneity of elements: when an area is uniform in physical or cultural features such as soil, climate, vegetation, language, or economic activity.
(ii) Functional relationships: when an area is linked through activities centred on a node like a town, city or market.
Examples: the Brahmaputra Valley as a small natural region, or Guwahati city with its surrounding functional region.
3. Bring out the differences between the homogeneous region and the functional region.
Ans: Differences between the homogeneous region and the functional region are given below:
| Homogeneous Region | Functional Region |
| Identified on the basis of homogeneity (sameness) of one or more selected geographical elements such as relief, climate, soil, vegetation or language. | Identified on the basis of functional relationships among different areas, where activities are centred on a core place like a town, market or city. |
| Internal parts are similar in nature and character because of the uniform physical or cultural factors. | Internal parts may differ in nature but are linked together through interdependent activities like transport, communication, trade and services. |
| Boundaries are natural and distinct, following the extent of similar physical or cultural features. | Boundaries are determined by influence of the central place and may expand or shrink with economic and service links. |
| Examples: Monsoon Region, Hindi Linguistic Region, Taiga (Coniferous Forest) Region. | Examples: Guwahati City Region, market-service region of a large town, industrial hinterland of an urban centre. |
4. What do you mean by regional geography of the world? What is the importance of this study?
Ans: Regional geography of the world deals with the total geographical study of the earth by dividing it into natural or functional regions.
It explains variations in physical and human conditions from one part to another, shows the inter-relationship of the natural environment and human life and helps in planning the balanced development of different areas.
5. What do you mean by ‘Natural Region’? How many natural regions can the whole earth be divided? Write their names and show them on the map.
Ans: A natural region is a large part of the earth’s surface where relief, climate, natural vegetation and soil show broad similarity and give a distinct natural environment.
The world can be divided into 11 major natural regions, Such are:
(i) Equatorial Region.
(ii) Monsoon Region.
(iii) Tropical Grassland Region.
(iv) Tropical Hot Desert Region.
(v) Mediterranean Region.
(vi) Mid-Latitude Desert Region.
(vii) Mid-Latitude Temperate Region.
(viii) Mid-Latitude Grassland Region.
(ix) Cold Coniferous Forest Region.
(x) Cold Polar Region.
(xi) High Mountain Region.
6. How can the regional geography of the world be understood through the study of natural regions? Write in brief.
Ans: The regional geography of the world can be understood through the study of natural regions, because climate and vegetation largely control human life, the study of natural regions each with a common set of physical characteristics provides the clearest framework for understanding the regional geography of the world.
7. Write about the physical environment of each of the natural regions of the world.
Ans: The major natural regions of the world are:
(i) Equatorial Region: The Equatorial Region is located on both sides of the equator between 10º north and 10º south latitudes. The climate of this region is hot and wet. Due to vertical sun rays the temperature difference between day and night, and summer and winter is very low in this region. Its average annual temperature is 27° C. Well known for heavy rainfall this equatorial region experiences average annual rainfall of 200 cm. Almost the entire equatorial region is covered with dense evergreen forests. Besides, there are innumerable small shrubs and a variety of climbers.
(ii) Monsoon Region: The monsoon region generally lies between 10° N to 30° N latitudes in the northern hemisphere and 10° S to 30° S latitudes in the southern hemisphere. The main climatic character of the monsoon region is seasonal change: warm and wet summer season, and cold and dry winter season. The average annual rainfall is 200 cm.
(iii) Tropical Grassland Region: Generally tropical grasslands are seen in the interior of the continents located in the tropical zone. This region is spread within 10°–25° north and south latitudes of the continents of South America, Africa and Australia. The climate of the tropical grassland region is characterised by a short warm summer season and long dry winter season. The amount of annual rainfall is moderate (25–100 cm).
(iv) Tropical Hot Desert Region: The tropical hot desert region is generally located on the western fringes of the continents. This desert region is spread up to the neighbouring areas of the tropic of cancer (23 1⁄2° North) and the tropic of capricorn (23 1⁄2° south). The climate of this region is almost always hot and dry. The difference between day and night temperatures is high. The amount of average annual rainfall is 20–25 cm.
(v) Mediterranean Region: The Mediterranean type of climate is generally prevalent in the places located in the western margins of the continents and also in the northern part of the tropical desert region. This natural region is characterised by hot and dry summers and cold and wet winters. The amount of average annual rainfall is 25–75 cm.
(vi) Mid-Latitude Desert Region: The natural condition of some parts of the plateau and basin areas located within the continents of Asia and North America is desertic. Such a natural region is surrounded by high mountains from almost all sides. As it is located far away from the sea and surrounded by high mountains, the amount of rainfall is very low here.
(vii) Mid-Latitude Temperate Region: The temperate natural region is located in a large portion of the mid-latitudes of both the hemispheres of the world. The intensity of summer and winter is less in this region. The average temperature stands at 15 °C in summer and 5 °C–10 °C in winter. The average annual rainfall varies between 75 cm and 150 cm.
(viii) Mid-Latitude Grassland Region: The mid-latitude grassland region is located between 30°–50° latitudes in the northern hemisphere and south of the tropic of Capricorn (23° South) in the southern hemisphere. The average annual rainfall is only 15–50 cm.
(ix) Cold Coniferous Forest Region: The cold coniferous forest region is confined to 50°–70° latitudes of the northern hemisphere. The climate of this region is somewhat dry and cold. The average temperature in summer increases up to 15 °C. There is an occurrence of snowfall in winter.
(x) Cold Polar Region: The region around the north and south poles and having been covered with snow for almost the whole year is called the polar region. This region is generally located in the north of the arctic circle (66 1⁄2° North latitude) in the northern hemisphere. The dry temperature ranges between 0 °C and 10 °C in the summer season. On the other hand, the temperature decreases up to –18 °C in winter.
(xi) High Mountain Region: With the increase in altitude a special kind of natural condition is found to prevail in the mountainous region. With rise in altitude of places there is marked decrease in temperature. The characteristics of climate and natural vegetation of the mountainous region also change depending on the direction of wind.
8. Discuss about the climate and vegetation as found in different natural regions of the world.
Ans: The climate and vegetation as found in different natural regions of the world are:
(i) Equatorial region: hot and wet throughout the year; dense evergreen forests and climbers.
(ii) Monsoon region: warm wet summer and cold dry winter; deciduous forests.
(iii) Tropical grassland: moderate rainfall, long dry winter; tall grasses (Savannah).
(iv) Tropical hot desert: very hot and dry; scanty thorny bushes and cacti.
(v) Mediterranean: hot dry summer, cool wet winter; evergreen short trees and shrubs.
(vi) Mid-latitude desert: very low rainfall, high day–night temperature range; sparse thorny vegetation.
(vii) Mid-latitude temperate: moderate temperature, 75–150 cm rainfall; mixed deciduous and coniferous forests.
(viii) Mid-latitude grassland: 15–50 cm rainfall; grasses like Steppes, Prairies, Pampas.
(ix) Cold coniferous: cold dry climate; Taiga soft-wood evergreen conifers.
(x) Cold polar: extreme cold, heavy winter snowfall; mosses and lichens only in short summer.
(xi) High mountain: temperature falls with height; vegetation varies from dense forest on moist slopes to alpine meadows and snow-line tundra.
9. Give a description of the life styles of the people living in different natural regions of the world.
Ans: The people living in different natural regions of the world follow different life styles according to the physical environment of their respective regions.
(i) In the Equatorial Region, due to dense forests, high temperature and heavy rainfall, the region is not suitable for human habitation. This region is very thinly populated. It is largely inhabited by the homeless aborigines such as the Pygmies of the Congo basin. These people make their living through hunting, fishing and gathering food from the forests. In some areas potato-type of crops and banana are produced through shifting cultivation. In contrast, in places like Java, Indonesia and parts of the Philippines, people practise permanent agriculture and cultivate rice, while Malaysia, Indonesia and a large part of Sri Lanka have advanced through plantation agriculture producing rubber, tea and coffee.
(ii) In the Monsoon Region, agriculture is the primary occupation. Rice is the main crop, along with wheat, sugarcane, cotton, jute, oilseeds and tea. High population density supports intensive farming and significant economic development, though the natural environment has been degraded in many areas.
(iii) In the Tropical Grassland Region, most people rear livestock such as cattle, horses, buffaloes, sheep and goats. Many primitive people still live by animal rearing and hunting. Some crops like jowar, cotton and groundnut are cultivated in small areas.
(iv) In the Tropical Hot Desert Region, human habitation is sparse. Some areas are inhabited by nomadic pastoral groups like the Bushmen of the Kalahari and aborigines of the Great Australian Desert, who live by gathering food and hunting. The Bedouins of the Sahara and Arabian deserts rear camels, horses, sheep and goats. Permanent and dense settlements are found only in river valleys like that of the Nile, where irrigation supports agriculture. Petroleum-rich areas such as Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Iran and Iraq have modern, urbanised lifestyles.
(v) In the Mediterranean Region, agriculture is the main occupation. People cultivate wheat, barley, maize, cotton, tobacco and a variety of fruits such as grapes and apples. Export of fruit products and wine preparation are important economic activities. This region is economically advanced and somewhat densely populated.
(vi) In the Mid-Latitude Desert Region, only a few pastoral nomadic groups live, often changing their place in search of food for their animals. Agriculture is possible only in river valleys through irrigation. Economic progress has occurred in some areas due to mineral exploitation and industrialisation.
(vii) In the Mid-Latitude Temperate Region, modern agricultural methods are used. Wheat and rice are cultivated on a large scale; cotton, tobacco, barley and potato are also important. Livestock rearing and meat industry are well developed. Mineral resources and developed transport have encouraged industrial growth, leading to dense population in some areas.
(viii) In the Mid-Latitude Grassland Region, primitive aborigines of central Asia live by livestock rearing. In contrast, large-scale commercial wheat farming is done in the United States, Canada, Argentina, Australia and Russia. Dairy and meat industries are also important. Population density is generally low.
(ix) In the Cold Coniferous Forest (Taiga) Region, agriculture and stock rearing are negligible. People depend on animal hunting and wood collection. Countries like Norway, Finland and Sweden are known for pulp and paper production. Mineral discoveries in Canada, Alaska and Siberia have led to industrial centres and some agriculture and sheep rearing in the southern part.
(x) In the Cold Polar (Tundra) Region, permanent habitation is almost impossible because of extreme cold. Population density is less than 1 person per km². Aborigines like the Eskimos, Lapps, Samoyeds and Yakuts live a nomadic life based on hunting and fishing. Eskimos live in igloos during winter and in tents called tupik in summer, using kayaks and umiaks for fishing and sledges pulled by reindeer for transport. Modern contact has brought permanent wooden houses, scientific reindeer rearing and glasshouse vegetable farming, as well as mineral exploitation of petroleum, gold, iron and nickel.
(ix) In the High Mountain Region, life is difficult and population is thin. People depend on livestock rearing and lumbering. Cultivation is limited to river valleys and is often of the shifting (jhum) type. Some areas are known for mining of minerals. Many mountain places such as Darjeeling, Mussoorie, Nainital, Shimla and Shillong have developed as hill stations and tourist centres owing to their natural beauty and healthy environment.
10. How many and what are the continents in the world? Give a brief geographical introduction of each of the continents.
Ans: Among the world’s seven continents in total, the snow-covered Antarctica continent, which is centering around the south pole, does not have any permanent human settlements.
Hence, a brief geographical introduction of the remaining six continents is presented below:
(i) The Continent of Asia: Asia is the largest of all the continents in the world. Its geographical area (44.4 million km²) constitutes about 30 % of the earth’s land surface area. The continent of Asia is mainly located in the northern hemisphere. It spreads from 1° north latitude in the south to 78° north latitude in the north and from 25° east longitude in the west to 170° west longitude in the east. Broadly, the continent of Asia is surrounded by the Northern Ocean in the north; Bering Strait and the Pacific Ocean in the east; Indian Ocean in the south; and Red Sea, Suez Canal, Mediterranean Sea, Caucasus Mountains, Caspian Sea, Ural River and Ural Mountain ranges in the west.
(ii) The Continent of Africa: Africa is the second largest continent of the world. With an area of slightly more than 30 million km² it covers about 20 % of the world’s total land area. The equator passes almost through the middle of the continent. It lies between 37° N to 34° S and 51° E to 17° W, and is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea in the north, Southern Ocean in the south, Indian Ocean in the east and Atlantic Ocean in the west. The length of the coastline is about 30 thousand km.
Except for narrow coastal plains, most of Africa is a plateau. There are smaller highlands like the Atlas, Ethiopian, Adamawa and Drakensberg. Kilimanjaro (5,895 m) is the highest peak. Important rivers include the Nile, Congo (Zaire), Niger, Zambezi, Orange, Limpopo, Volta and Senegal. The great lakes are Victoria, Albert, Tanganyika, Chad, Nyasa etc. Africa has about 40 % of the world’s hydro-power potential.
(iii) The Continent of Europe: Europe lies entirely in the northern hemisphere between 36° N and 71° N and 10° W and 65° E, covering 10.9 million km² (7.3 % of world land). Bounded by Asia on the east, Atlantic Ocean on the west, Northern Ocean on the north and Mediterranean, Caspian and Black Seas on the south, it has a 38 thousand km coastline.
Physiographically it consists of northern plains and southern rugged highlands. Important mountains are the Alps, Pyrenees, Carpathians and Caucasus (with Mt Elbrus 5,633 m and Mt Blanc 4,807 m). Major rivers are the Elbro, Rhone, Seine, Rhine, Elbe, Oder, Vistula, Danube, Dnieper, Po, Thames, Don, Volga and Ural. Important islands include the British Isles, Ireland, Iceland, Crete, Sicily, Sardinia and Greenland.
Most of Europe has a temperate climate; polar climate occurs in Greenland, Iceland and northern Scandinavia. Average temperature varies from 0 °C in winter to 20 °C in summer; rainfall averages 100 cm.
(iv) The Continent of North America: North America is the third largest continent, with an area of 24.3 million km² (16.3 % of world land). It stretches from 7° N to 83° N and from about 50° W westwards across the Bering Strait. Bounded by the Northern Ocean in the north, South America and the Gulf of Mexico in the south, the Atlantic Ocean in the east and the Pacific Ocean in the west, it includes Canada, the USA, Mexico, the countries of Central America and the Caribbean islands.
Physiographically it has the Rocky Mountain system in the west (with parallel Coastal Mountains), the fertile Great Plains between the Rockies and Appalachian Highlands, the older Appalachian Highlands in the east and the Atlantic/Gulf Coastal Plains. Highest point: Mt McKinley (6,194 m); lowest: Death Valley (-86 m).
Major rivers are the Missouri, Mississippi, Yukon, Mackenzie, Rio Grande, Red, Arkansas, Colorado, Columbia, Ohio, Tennessee, Hudson and St Lawrence; major lakes include Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie, Ontario, Great Bear, Great Slave, Winnipeg and Great Salt.
(v) The Continent of South America: South America lies between 12° N and 55° S and 35° W and about 81° W. Its area is about 18 million km² (12.2 % of world land). Bounded by North America, the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean on the north; the Southern Ocean on the south; the Pacific Ocean on the west and the Atlantic Ocean on the east, it is triangular—broad in the north, tapering southwards. Brazil (8.54 million km²) is its largest country.
Physiographically it contains the long Andes mountains (about 8,000 km, with Aconcagua 7,020 m), the great Brazilian plateau, the Ecuador plateau and the Parana-Patagonia plateau. Wide fertile plains lie between the mountains and plateaus, drained by rivers like the Amazon, Orinoco, Paraná and Paraguay.
South America has equatorial to temperate climates, with the Amazon basin extremely wet and the Atacama desert extremely dry. Rich in forests, water power and minerals, it grows coffee, cocoa, sugarcane, maize and soya and rears cattle on its Pampas grasslands. Important cities are São Paulo, Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, Lima and Santiago.
(vi) The Continent of Oceania (including Australia): Oceania is the smallest continent by land and consists of Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and thousands of Pacific islands. Australia alone has 7.7 million km² of area and is mostly a plateau with vast deserts inside (Great Victoria, Great Sandy) and fertile coastal fringes. The Great Dividing Range runs along the east. Important rivers are the Murray and Darling. The climate ranges from tropical in the north to temperate in the south. Wheat, sheep and dairy farming, minerals and tourism are the main economic bases. New Zealand is mountainous with an oceanic climate and rich pastures.
(vii) The Continent of Antarctica: Antarctica, centring the South Pole, is permanently ice-covered and has no permanent human settlement. Scientific research stations operate there under the Antarctic Treaty.
11. Which is the largest continent in the world? Write briefly about the physiographic character of the continent.
Ans: Asia is the largest of all the continents in the world. Its geographical area (44.4 million km²) constitutes about 30 % of the earth’s land surface area… The continent of Asia is covered with high mountain ranges, plateaus, river valleys, low-lands, coastal plains, islands, deserts, etc. Its central part is full of mountains and plateaus. Among the mountain ranges, the north–south Ural mountain ranges running along the western boundary of the continent, the world’s highest east–west running Himalayan mountain ranges and the offshoots in the middle, Karakoram mountain ranges, Aravalli mountain etc. are worth mentioning. The world’s highest peak Everest (8,848 m) belonging to the Himalayan mountain system and the second highest peak Godwin Austin or Mount K2 (8,611 m) belonging to the Karakoram mountain system are both located in the continent of Asia. On the other hand, among the plateaus, the Tibetan plateau, the world’s highest Pamir plateau, Siberian plateau, Mongolian plateau, Deccan plateau, Iranian plateau, etc. are important. Many large rivers originating from such highland regions flow to the oceans and seas in north, south and east direction and have formed a number of fertile plains and deltas… Further, the deserts like Gobi, Thar and Arabia are also located in this continent.
12. Which is the most populous continent in the world? Write in brief about the population and economic characteristics of that continent.
Ans: Asia is the largest of all the continents in the world. Its geographical area (44.4 million km²) constitutes about 30% of the earth’s land surface area. It may be mentioned that the world’s largest continent Asia is also the largest in population. As per estimate for the year 2007 its population is 401 crores, i.e. three-fifth of the world’s population. Due to variation in physiographic characteristics its population distribution is also very uneven. About three-fourth of its population live in south, south-east and eastern tropical and sub-tropical monsoon region. For instance, 61% of the total population of 49 countries of Asia is concentrated only in two countries (China and India). It is worth mentioning that Tokyo, the capital city of Japan, with 34 million population, is the largest city not only in Asia, but also in the whole world. Some other big cities of the continent are Beijing, Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Singapore, Seoul, Shanghai, Hongkong, Bangkok, Kuala Lampur, Taipei, etc. 41% of the people of Asia are urban dwellers. Its average per capita gross national income is US dollar 6,630.
13. Mention the geographical characteristics of the continent of Europe.
Ans: The continent of Europe is situated along the north-eastern boundary of Asia. It is completely located in the northern hemisphere. This continent is spread from 36° North latitude in the south to 71° North latitude in the north, and 10° West longitude in the west to 65° East longitude in the east (Fig. 3.07). Its geographical area is 10.9 million km², that is 7.3% of the world’s land area and three times the land area of India. Europe is surrounded by the continent of Asia on the east, the Atlantic Ocean on the west, the Northern Ocean on the north, and the Mediterranean Sea, Caspian Sea and Black Sea on the south. Physically the Ural mountain range and the Ural river have separated the continent of Europe from Asia. Europe is surrounded by the oceans and seas from three sides. The coastal length of its mainland is 38 thousand km. The world’s largest country Russia is located in Europe. Of course, a large part of Russia falls in Asia. The total number of independent countries of Europe is 44.
The physiographic structure of Europe is very complex and diverse. In respect of physiography Europe can be broadly divided into two parts. Its northern part which stretches from the coastal France on the west to the Ural mountain ranges on the east is almost a plain land. But, the southern part (from Spain to the Black Sea) having covered with hills, mountains and plateaus is highly rugged. The northern frontier region and the southern highland region of the continent are very much under the influence of glaciers. Among the mountain ranges of the southern Europe, the Alps, Pyrenees, Carpethian and Caucasus are worth mentioning. The ‘Mount Elbrus’ peak (5,633 m) under Caucasus mountain range is the highest place of Europe. On the other hand, the highest peak of the Alps is ‘Mount Blanc’ (4,807 m). This continent is full of rivers, lakes and islands. Among the rivers Elbro of Spain, Rhone and Seine of France, Rhine and Elbe of Germany, Oder and Vistula of Poland, Danube of Austria, Hungary and Romania, Dnieper of Belarus and Ukraine, Po of Italy, Thames of Great Britain, Don, Volga and Ural of Russia, etc. are worth mentioning. On the other hand, the major islands of the continent include the British Isles, Ireland, Iceland and of the Atlantic Ocean; Crete, Syceli, Malta, Serdinia, Corsica and Beliari islands of the Mediterranean Sea; and Gotland, Aland, Novaya, Jemlya, Svelbird and Greenland of the Northern Ocean. Among the lakes Onega, Ladoga, Sudskowe, Venarn, etc. are worth mentioning.
Europe is very rich in the major mineral resources coal and iron. It is worth mentioning that Europe produces about one-third of the total production of Anthracite and Bituminous coal in the world. Besides, 40% of the world’s total production of iron ore takes place only in Europe. At present hydro-electricity is generated by using river water of the mountainous regions of the continent. But, although petroleum and natural gas are produced in some quantity, Europe is quite backward in this respect.
14. Write briefly about the topography and mineral resources of the continent of North America.
Ans: Physiographically North America is highly diverse in character. Its highest place is Mckinley Peak (6,194 m) and lowest place is Death Valley (86 m below sea level). The western and eastern parts of the continent are hilly and mountainous in north-south direction. On the other hand, the remaining part of the continent is covered with high and low land plains. Thus, on the basis of such physiographic character, North America can be mainly divided into four divisions (1) Rocky mountainous region, (2) Great upland plain region, (3) Appalachian Highland region and (4) Coastal Plain region. The Rocky mountainous region consisting of the lofty young folded mountain ranges is located in the western part of North America from Alaska to Mexico in north-south direction. This region consists of many mountain ranges like Brooks range, Alaska mountain system, Mackenzie, Coast range, Cascade, Sierra Nevada, Sierra Madre, etc. Of course, basically this region is formed by two north-south parallel mountain ranges (1) Rocky mountain system of the east and (2) Coastal mountain ranges of the west like Cascade, Sierra Nevada and Coast range. On the other hand, a wide area located on the east of Rocky mountain region and west of Appalachian highland and stretching from northern part of Canada to the Gulf of Mexico is known as the Great Plain.
It consists of erosional plateaus and fertile plains. The southern part of this region is converted into fertile levelled land by the great rivers like Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, etc. That is why this region of the United States is very suitable for agriculture. The rugged region in the eastern part of North America stretching from Newfoundland in the north to Florida in the south and consisting of hills and mountains, narrow river valleys, fragmented plateaus, etc. is known as the Appalachian highlands. The elevation of the highest part of this region is only 1917 m (Mount Washington). The Allegheny and Blue Ridge mountains are located in the southern part of this region. This region is highly advanced in mineral resources and economic development. On the other hand, the plain land of the Atlantic Ocean coast located on the east of Appalachian highlands and stretching from Nova Scotia in the north to Panama in the south is called the coastal plain region. Apart from the estuaries of many large rivers this region is covered with swamps and forests. This region is rich in resources like mineral oil, natural gas, salt, etc. Except the narrow coastal plain of California there is no wide plain area in the west coast of the continent. The northern coastal land stretching from Alaska in the west to Newfoundland in the east is highly fragmented. Besides, there are innumerable small and large islands in the north and south-eastern parts of the continent.
North America is very rich in natural resources. There is large scale production of food crops like wheat, maize, barley, etc. in the wide plains of the central North America. Cotton cultivation is done in the flat plain of the southern part of USA. On the other hand, livestock rearing is done in the Rocky mountain region and sheep rearing and fruits production in west coastal plain region. Apart from the production of mineral resources like iron, nickel, cobalt, mica, etc. in the continent, coal, petroleum and natural gas are produced in large quantities in Canada, USA and Mexico. North America, especially Canada, has progressed significantly in production of hydro-power.
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SEBA Class 10 Geography Textual [New Edition Updated]
| SL. No. | CONTENTS |
| Chapter – 1 | Physical Geography |
| Chapter – 2 | Environmental Geography |
| Chapter – 3 | Regional Geography |
| Chapter – 4 | Regional Geography of USA |
| Chapter – 5 | Regional Geography of Japan |
| Chapter – 6 | Regional Geography of India |
| Chapter – 7 | Practical Geography |
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