SEBA Class 9 Social Science Chapter 5 Beginning of The British Administration in India

SEBA Class 9 Social Science Chapter 5 Beginning of The British Administration in India Solutions English Medium As Per New Edition Syllabus to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters. SEBA Class 9 Social Science Chapter 5 Beginning of The British Administration in India Question Answer in English and select need one. SEBA Class 9 Social Science Textual Solutions Download PDF.

SEBA Class 9 Social Science Chapter 5 Beginning of The British Administration in India

SEBA Class 9 Social Science Chapter 5 Beginning of The British Administration in India Also, you can read the (SCERT) in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per Board of Secondary Education, Assam (SEBA) Guidelines. SEBA Class 9 Social Science Chapter 5 Beginning of The British Administration in India. Here we have given SEBA Textual Solutions For Class 9 Social Science English Medium.

Beginning of The British Administration in India

HISTORY

EXERCISE

Find out the Correct Answer:

1. The Jaintia king Rajendra Singh/ Govinda Chandra/ Tirot Singh was deported to Sylhet by the British.

Ans: The Jaintia king Rajendra Singh was deported to Sylhet by the British.

2. The Last Ahom king was Chandra Kanta Sinha/ Kamaleswar Sinha/ Purandar Sinha/Jogeswar Sinha.

Ans: The Last Ahom king was Purandar Sinha.

3. Tirot Singh was a patriot of Khasi/ Manipuri/ Jaintia.

Ans: Tirot Singh was a patriot of Khasi.

Short Answer Type Question:

1. To which kingdom Govinda Chandra belonged?

Ans: Govinda Chandra was the king of Cachar.

2. Who was David Scott?

Ans: David Scott was the first Commissioner of Assam and Agent to the Governor-General of Bengal. He was responsible for introducing British administration in Assam after the Treaty of Yandaboo.

3. Who was the next commissioner to David Scott?

Ans: After David Scott’s death in 1831, T.C. Robertson was appointed as the next commissioner.

4. Of which kingdom Tirot Singh was the Siyem?

Ans: Tirot Singh was the Siyem (chief) of the Khasi kingdom.

5. What was the title of the Muttock king?

Ans: The title of the Muttock king was Barsenapati.

6. According to the instruction of Jenkins who lost the kingdom?

Ans: According to the instruction of Jenkins, Purandar Sinha lost the kingdom of Upper Assam in 1838.

7. What were the districts that Jenkins divided into in Lower Assam?

Ans: Jenkins divided Lower Assam into districts such as Kamrup, Darrang, Goalpara, and Nagaon.

8. To whom British gave Rupees 50 (fifty only) as pension and occupied Cachar?

Ans: The British gave Govinda Chandra a pension of Rs. 50 before occupying Cachar.

Long Answer Questions:

1. How was the revenue policy of David Scott? Discuss.

Ans: David Scott was the first British Commissioner in Assam after the Treaty of Yandaboo (1826). His main goal was to stabilize administration and generate revenue efficiently, replacing the old Ahom systems with British models.

(i) Abolition of Paik System: The traditional Ahom paik system was removed. Instead, a fixed annual cash tax of Rs. 3 was imposed on each cultivator.

(ii) Appointment of Local Officers: Revenue collection was supervised by traditional officers like Hazarika, Saikia, and Bora, maintaining continuity with local customs.

(iii) Introduction of Professional Tax: Taxes were imposed on goldsmiths, blacksmiths, weavers, and potters, introducing a British-style occupational tax system.

(iv) Land Survey and Classification: Scott ordered land surveys by Captain Matthews. Land was classified into basti (residential), cultivated, and uncultivated for proper assessment.

(v) Poll Tax in Lower Assam: Different types of taxes were introduced:

(a) Kamrup – Poll/Plough tax.

(b) Darrang – Mess-pot tax.

(c) Nagaon – Capitation tax.

(vi) Revenue from Opium Cultivation: Taxes were also collected from the cultivation and trade of opium, a major income source for the British.

David Scott’s revenue reforms replaced traditional systems with cash-based British models. Though it improved revenue generation for the British, it also burdened peasants unfamiliar with monetary taxes.

2. What steps were adopted in the matters of judiciary during the time of David Scott?

Ans: The British aimed to build a structured judiciary in Assam for better law enforcement. David Scott introduced early judicial systems blending British practices with local traditions.

(i) Establishment of Panchayat System: Panchayats were created in villages to handle minor civil and criminal cases, making justice more accessible.

(ii) Appointment of Civil and Criminal Officers: In Upper Assam:

Lombodar Barphukan handled civil cases

A junior commissioner handled criminal cases

(iii) Separate Courts in Lower Assam: Three types of courts were formed:

(a) Two civil courts.

(b) One criminal court.

(iv) Appeal System: If anyone was dissatisfied with the village-level or assistant-level verdicts, they could appeal to the Commissioner.

(v) Use of Traditional Officials: Scott retained respected Ahom officials in the judiciary to ensure continuity and local cooperation.

(vi) Maintenance of Peace: He resolved conflicts with Singphos and Moamariyas peacefully, reducing rebellion and strengthening the rule of law.

David Scott laid the foundation of the British judicial system in Assam. While integrating local customs, he introduced structured courts, making justice more formal and centralized.

3. How was the revenue administration of Robertson?

Ans: After David Scott’s death in 1831, T.C. Robertson became the next key British officer in Assam. He reorganized revenue administration to increase efficiency and reduce corruption.

(i) Assessment Based on Land Quality: Robertson assessed revenue based on the area and quality of the land, replacing the fixed tax system.

(ii) Introduction of Pattas: Landholders were given pattas (documents) showing land rights and tax obligations, increasing legal clarity.

(iii) Types of Taxation Introduced:

(a) Kamrup – House tax.

(b) Darrang – Hearth tax.

(c) Nagaon – Capitation tax.

(iv) Reorganization of Districts: Assam was divided into five districts, each with a Principal Assistant who managed revenue and law enforcement.

(v) Use of Receipts and Records: Proper receipts were issued for taxes, and detailed records were maintained to ensure transparency.

(vi) Preventing Exploitation: Junior officers were instructed to prevent revenue officers from cheating peasants and to listen to complaints.

Robertson’s reforms professionalized revenue collection. With the introduction of pattas, fair assessment, and supervision, his administration created a more structured tax system but still benefited the British more than the locals.

4. What were the steps adopted by Major Jenkins regarding the welfare of Assam?

Ans: Captain Francis Jenkins became Commissioner of Assam in 1834 and served until 1861. His tenure saw major reforms in trade, education, taxation, and social issues.

The steps adopted by Major Jenkins regarding the welfare of Assam such are:

(i) Trade and Infrastructure: Major Jenkins played a vital role in improving trade and communication in Assam. He abolished border taxes to facilitate free trade and introduced steamship services on the Brahmaputra River. Additionally, he undertook the construction and improvement of roads, which enhanced transportation and administrative efficiency across the region.

(ii) Promotion of Industry and Agriculture: He promoted the cultivation of commercial crops such as tea, sugarcane, and indigo. These initiatives led to the rise of tea plantations, largely under British ownership. This marked the beginning of Assam’s journey as a major tea-producing region.

(iii) Educational Development: Recognizing the importance of education, Jenkins established English-medium schools in Guwahati and Sivasagar. This introduced western education and created opportunities for Assamese youth to enter British administrative services.

(iv) Abolition of Slavery: In a significant humanitarian step, Jenkins officially abolished bonded labour (slavery) in 1843. However, in practice, many impoverished locals were still forced into harsh labour conditions, especially in British-run tea gardens.

(v) Revenue Reforms: He replaced the traditional Tangani system with the Mauzadari system for tax collection. Under this, even commoners could be appointed as Mauzadars (village tax collectors), reducing the dominance of the aristocracy and involving the general population in revenue administration.

(vi) Introduction of New Tax Measures: To increase revenue, Jenkins imposed taxes on grazing lands, bamboo groves, forests, and fisheries. He also introduced stamp duty in 1858, income tax in 1860, and license tax in 1861, adding to the economic burden on the local people.

(vii) Problems Created by His Reforms: While Jenkins’ reforms were modern in nature, they brought serious consequences for common people. The tax burden increased, leading many peasants to lose their land and become tea garden labourers. Moreover, although opium cultivation was banned, its controlled sale was allowed, leading to the spread of opium addiction among locals.

Jenkins modernized Assam with trade and educational reforms, but his revenue policies worsened the conditions of farmers and laborers. His efforts reflected both colonial exploitation and modernization.

5. How did Jenkins divided Assam into different districts?

Ans: During the British colonial administration, Jenkins reorganized Assam into four main districts:

(i) Goalpara. 

(ii) Kamrup.

(iii) Darrang.

(iv) Nowgong.

(a) Goalpara District: Originally administered from Rangpur, Goalpara included the Garo Hills region. Following the First Anglo-Burmese War, during the tenure of David Scott, Goalpara was separated from Rangpur and formed into a new district under his jurisdiction. Eventually, Garo Hills was carved out as a separate district. With the introduction of regular steamship services, the district headquarters was shifted to Dhubri, which served as the last navigable port on the Brahmaputra at that time.

(b) Kamrup District: Kamrup was created as a district with the Manah river as its western boundary and the Barnadi river as its eastern boundary. It included both banks of the Brahmaputra River. The headquarters of the district was established at Gauhati (now Guwahati).

(c) Darrang District: The western part of the former kingdom of Darrang was declared a new district named Darrang. Initially, the headquarters was located at Mangaldoi, but due to its unhealthy environment and frequent flooding, the headquarters was shifted to Tezpur in 1836.

(d) Nowgong (Khagarijan) District: Historical records refer to Nowgong as Khagarijan, which extended up to the Dhansiri River in the east. The original headquarters was in Nowgong, which was later shifted to Rangagara in 1834 A.D.. Subsequently, it moved to Puranigudam, but after some time, the headquarters was again shifted back to Nowgong town, where it remains.

6. Who was Tirot Singh? Why did he rise against the British?

Ans: Tirot Singh was the Syiem (chief) of Nongkhlaw in the Khasi Hills. He became one of the earliest tribal leaders to rise against British imperialism in the Northeast.

The reasons he rose against the British are:

(i) Agreement with the British: He initially permitted the British to build a road through his kingdom, believing it would bring prosperity.

(ii) British Betrayal: The British secretly planned to annex Khasi territory, and their refusal to leave raised suspicion.

(iii) Border Dispute with Rani: A conflict between Tirot Singh and the Rani kingdom erupted. The British supported Rani, which angered Tirot Singh.

(iv) Revolt Begins (1829): Tirot Singh attacked a British garrison and killed some officers, beginning the Khasi rebellion.

(v) Guerrilla Warfare: He used guerrilla tactics to resist British troops but was eventually defeated after four years.

(vi) Capture and Death: Tirot Singh was captured in 1833 and died in captivity. His death marked the end of Khasi resistance.

Tirot Singh’s revolt was a brave attempt to protect Khasi sovereignty from colonial control. Though unsuccessful, he remains a symbol of tribal courage and patriotism in Indian history.

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SEBA Class 9 Social Science Solutions [New Editions Updated]

Sl. No.	CONTENTS
Chapter – 1	Advent of the Europeans into India
Chapter – 2	Growth of Indian Nationalism
Chapter – 3	The Moamoriya Rebellion
Chapter – 4	Burmese Invasion of Assam
Chapter – 5	Beginning of The British Administration in India
Chapter – 6	Change of the Earth’s Surface
Chapter – 7	Atmosphere: Structure, Air Pressure and Wind System
Chapter – 8	Geography of India
Chapter – 9	Geography of Assam
Chapter – 10	Political Parties in India
Chapter – 11	Types or Classification of Government
Chapter – 12	Basic Concepts of Economics
Chapter – 13	Basic Economic Problems