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Class 9 English Beehive Chapter 12 The Green Revolution and save the Seeds Movement
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The Green Revolution and save the Seeds Movement
SUPPLEMENTARY SECTION
Understanding the text – রচনা বোধগম্যতা
I. Give very short answers in the following questions: – নিম্নলিখিত প্রশ্নগুলির অতি-সংক্ষিপ্ত উত্তর দাও:
1. How long did the Green Revolution last? – কতদিন সবুজ বিপ্লব স্থায়ী হয়েছিল?
Ans. The Green Revolution lasted the period 1967-1977 .
2. What does NPK stand for? – NPK বলতে কি বোঝায়?
Ans. NPK Stands for Nitrogen- Phosphorus-Potassium ferti-lizers.
3. Which one is more eco-friendly- biofarming or the Green Revolution type farming? -কোন্টি বেশি পরিবেশ বান্ধব—জৈব কৃষি না সবুজ বিপ্লব ধরনের কৃষি?
Ans. Biofarming is more eco-friendly.
4. Which state in India was the gainer during the Green Revolution? – ভারতের কোন রাজ্যটি সবুজ বিপ্লবে লাভবান হয়েছিল?
Ans. In India Punjab was the gainer during the Green Resolution.
5. What is baranaja? – বারানাজা কি?
Ans. Baranaja is a remarkable traditional system of crop-ping where twelve crops are simultaneously grown in the same field.
6. What is Salinization? – লবণায়ন কি?
Ans. Salinization is said-pollution that diminishes the productivity of the soil.
7. Name the Village in which the Beej Bachao Andor
was started. – বীজ বাঁচাও আন্দোলন যে গ্ৰামে শুরু হয়েছিল তার নাম কর।
Ans. The Village in which the Beej Bachao Andolan was started in Jardhargaon.
II. Give short answers to the following questions: — নীচের প্রশ্নগুলির সংক্ষিপ্ত উত্তর দাও:
1. What is biofarming? — জৈব কৃষি কি?
Ans. Biofarming is a farming in which living organisms are used instead of chemical fertilizers. It helps maintain ecological balance and enables the farmer to get benefit from certain varieties even in case of damage to some crops.
2. Name at least two micronutrients necessary for plants. – উদ্ভিদের প্রয়োজনীয় অন্তত দুটি বস্তুর উল্লেখ কর। যা তার বৃদ্ধ বা বেঁচে থাকার জন্য মাটি থেকে গ্রহণ করে।
Ans. Micronutrients are very small amounts of substances that plants need from the soil in order to live or grow, Zinc and copper are two such micronutrients necessary for plants.
3. What are soil depleting crops? – মাটির স্বাভাবিক বৈশিষ্ট্য ক্ষয়কারী শস্য কি কি?
Ans. Wheat and rice are soil depleting crops. Their productivity has been fluctuations as well as declining in most districts in Punjab.
4. What are leguminous crops? – শুঁটি জাতীয় শস্য কি কি?
Ans. Leguminous crops belong to the plants of the bean family that has seeds in a pod.
5. What do you mean by the Green Revolution? সবুজ বিপ্লব বলতে কি বোঝ?
Ans. The Green Revolution was a great agricultural movement in India. It started in the late 1960s.
6. What was the major success of the Green Revolution? – সবুজ বিপ্লবের প্রধান সাফল্য কি ছিল?
Ans. It transformed India from a food-deficient nation to one of the world’s leading food producing nation. It was a landmark in the Indian agricultural history.
7. What was the initial impact of the Green Revolution on the peasant community in India. – ভারতের কৃষক সম্প্রদায়ের ওপর সবুজ বিপ্লবের প্রাথমিক প্রভাব কি ছিল?
Ans. As a result of the initial impact of the Green Revaluation, the peasant community in India started to enhance productivity by using high yielding hybrid variety of seeds, in-creased-input of fertilizers, pesticides and more water requirements.
8. Why did crops gradually fail in the late 1970s? – উত্তর সত্তর দশকে শস্য উৎপাদন ক্রমশই কেন পড়তির দিকে গেল ?
Ans. In the late 1970s, crop failures at a large number of sites were reported due to lack of micronutrients in spite of liberal applications of NPK (Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium). As a result, fluctuation of productivity took place in a vast area.
9. What were some of the gains of the Green Revolution. – সবুজ বিপ্লবের ক’টি লাভজনক দিক কি ছিল?
Ans. Some of the gains of the Green Revolution were making India self-sufficient, surplus production etc. They to-tally changed the production map of India.
10. What were the problems caused by the Green Revolution? – সবুজ বিপ্লবের কারণজনিত সমস্যাগুলি কি কি?
Ans. The Green Revolution caused different problems also. It brought in monoculture of wheat and rice which replaced the existing mixtures and rotation of diverse crops, introduced intensive irrigation without proper consideration for drainage of excess water, created problem of salinization leading to desertification, unlimited chemical and technological inputs etc.
11. Why is it desirable to maintain genetic diversity in agriculture? – কৃষিতে জীনগত বৈচিত্র্য রক্ষা করা কাঙ্ক্ষিত কেন?
Ans. Genetic diversity in agriculture helps maintain soil fertility and replenish nitrogen. Above all, due to the diversity of crops, it also provides for nutritional security.
III. Answer the following questions in about 100 words: – নীচের প্রশ্নগুলির ১০০টি শব্দের মধ্যে উত্তর দাও:
1. What is ‘sustainable agriculture’? What are it major components? – চলমান কৃষি কি? এর প্রধান অংশগুলি কি কি?
Ans. The expression sustainable agriculture’ refers to high input-intensive techniques of farming to increase productivity. After the Green Revolution of the 1960s in India, farmers in the hilly regions (mainly in the Tehri Garhwali district of Uttaranchal) started using it.
Its major components are new ‘improved’ seeds of high yielding varieties, a range of pesticides, fertilizers and other external inputs.
2. What are the alternatives to chemical fertilizers? What are their advantages? – রাসায়নিক সারের বিকল্প কি কি ? তাদের সুবিধাগুলি কি কি?
Ans. The alternatives to chemical fertilizers are use of leaves of the walnut and neem, and the application of ash and cows’ urine.
This system of using alternatives is called biofarming. It helps maintain ecological balance. It also enables the farmer to get benefit from certain varieties even in case of damage to some crops.
3. Why was the Green Revolution necessary in India? What was its impact in Punjab? – ভারতবর্ষে সবুজ বিপ্লব প্রয়োজন ছিল কেন? পাঞ্জাবে এর প্রভাব কি ছিল?
Ans. India, due to a population boom in the 1960s, was facing a grim scenario, in terms of food availability and secu-rity. There were starvation deaths and large scale famines were predicted. In this context, a solution was necessary and that stepped in as the Green Revolution.
The impact was witnessed in Punjab to a greater extent. Fertilizer consumption in this state increased thirty-fold with the ‘seed and fertilizer package. But, after some years of bumper harvests, crop failures at a large number were reported.
4. How is Punjab affected by irrigation used during the Green Revolution? – সবুজ বিপ্লবের সময় ব্যবহৃত সেচের দ্বারা পাঞ্জাব কিভাবে ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত হয়?
Ans. Intensive irrigation has been a major component of the Green Revolution in Punjab. This demand for water had put pressure on this state’s groundwater resources. Today ninety per cent of groundwater resources here are used for agriculture. Again, irrigation without proper consideration for drainage of excess water can be dangerous. Waterlogging is associated with a problem called salinization (another name of salt-pollution). Both waterlogging and salinization lead to desertification.
5. What made the farmers of Tehri Garhwali district to return to traditional ways of farming? – কি বাধ্য করেছিল তেহরি গাড়োয়াল জেলার কৃষকদের পরম্পরাগত কৃষিপদ্ধতিতে ফিরে আসতে?
Ans. In the race for modernization, the farmers began to rapidly lose their traditional systems of sustainable agriculture. Despite increasing investments and inputs, the soil fertility, and hence land productivity, began to decline gradually. This realization initiated a movement away from the new methods and a return to the traditional ways of farming.
6. Write a note on the activities of the Beej Bachao Andolan activities. – বীজ বাঁচাও আন্দোলনের কর্মীদের কাজকর্ম সম্পর্কে একটি টীকা লেখ।
Ans. The activities of the Beej Bachao Andolan were led by Vijay Jardhari from Jhardhargaon, a farmer and social activist. They started visiting distant villagers in search of varieties of traditional seeds. For. example, they collected 250 varieties of rice, 170 of kidney beans and many others which were seemed to be last in the region. In the valley of Ramasirain, the activists found Chardhan (four grains), a distinctive variety of red rice. They also found indigenous varieties of rice locally known as thapchini, jhumkiya, rikhwa and lal basmasi. Baranaja, another
remarkable traditional system of cropping, was also introduced by the Beej Bachao Andolan.
WORKING WITH WORDS:
1. Synonym to each of the following words:
decline: decrease
remote: distant
enhance: improve
revive: restore
indigenous: native
2. Antonym to each of the following words:
deficit: surplus
output: input
grim: pleasant
diminish: widen
deplete: increase
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